п═я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡п╬ FreeBSD

п·п╠п╫п╬п╡п╦п╩ п╦ я─п╣я│я┌я─я┐п╨я┌я┐я─п╦п╥п╬п╡п╟п╩ Jim Mock.

п⌠п╩п╟п╡п╟ 8. п²п╟я│я┌я─п╬п╧п╨п╟ я▐п╢я─п╟ FreeBSD

п·п╠п╫п╬п╡п╦п╩ п╦ я─п╣я│я┌я─я┐п╨я┌я┐я─п╦п╥п╬п╡п╟п╩ Jim
Mock. п÷я─п╣п╢п╬я│я┌п╟п╡п╦п╩ Jake Hamby.
п÷п╣я─п╣п╡п╣п╢п╣п╫п╬ п░п╩п╣п╨я│п╟п╫п╢я─п╬п╪ п п╬п╡п╟п╩п╣п╫п╨п╬.

8.1. п я─п╟я┌п╨п╦п╧
п╬п╠п╥п╬я─

П╞п╢я─п╬ -- я█я┌п╬ п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╫п╟я▐ я┤п╟я│я┌я▄ п╬п©п╣я─п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫п╬п╧ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀ FreeBSD. п·п╫п╬ п╬я┌п╡п╣я┌я│я┌п╡п╣п╫п╫п╬ п╥п╟
я┐п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦п╣ п©п╟п╪я▐я┌я▄я▌, п©п╟я─п╟п╪п╣я┌я─я▀ п╠п╣п╥п╬п©п╟я│п╫п╬я│я┌п╦, я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┐ я│ я│п╣я┌я▄я▌, п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п© п╨ п╢п╦я│п╨п╟п╪ п╦ п╪п╫п╬пЁп╬п╣
п╢я─я┐пЁп╬п╣. п²п╣я│п╪п╬я┌я─я▐ п╫п╟ я┌п╬, я┤я┌п╬ FreeBSD я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╦я┌я│я▐ п╡я│я▒ п╠п╬п╩п╣п╣ п╢п╦п╫п╟п╪п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╦ п╨п╬п╫я└п╦пЁя┐я─п╦я─я┐п╣п╪п╬п╧,
п╦п╫п╬пЁп╢п╟ п©я─п╦я┘п╬п╢п╦я┌я│я▐ я│п╬п╠п╦я─п╟я┌я▄ я│п╬п╠я│я┌п╡п╣п╫п╫п╬п╣ я▐п╢я─п╬.

П÷п╬я│п╩п╣ п©я─п╬я┤я┌п╣п╫п╦я▐ я█я┌п╬п╧ пЁп╩п╟п╡я▀ п╡я▀ я┐п╥п╫п╟п╣я┌п╣:

П÷п╬я┤п╣п╪я┐ п╡п╟п╪ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ п©п╬п╫п╟п╢п╬п╠п╦я┌я▄я│я▐ я│п╠п╬я─п╨п╟ я│п╬п╠я│я┌п╡п╣п╫п╫п╬пЁп╬ я▐п╢я─п╟.

П п╟п╨ п╫п╟п©п╦я│п╟я┌я▄ я└п╟п╧п╩ п╨п╬п╫я└п╦пЁя┐я─п╟я├п╦п╦ я▐п╢я─п╟ п╦п╩п╦ п╦п╥п╪п╣п╫п╦я┌я▄ я│я┐я┴п╣я│я┌п╡я┐я▌я┴п╦п╧.

П п╟п╨ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ я└п╟п╧п╩ п╨п╬п╫я└п╦пЁя┐я─п╟я├п╦п╦ я▐п╢я─п╟ п╢п╩я▐ я┌п╬пЁп╬, я┤я┌п╬п╠я▀ я│п╬п╥п╢п╟я┌я▄ п╦ я│п╬п╠я─п╟я┌я▄ п╫п╬п╡п╬п╣
я▐п╢я─п╬.

П п╟п╨ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╦я┌я▄ п╫п╬п╡п╬п╣ я▐п╢я─п╬.

П╖я┌п╬ п╢п╣п╩п╟я┌я▄, п╣я│п╩п╦ я┤я┌п╬-я┌п╬ п╫п╣ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟п╣я┌ п╦п╩п╦ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟п╣я┌ п╫п╣ я┌п╟п╨, п╨п╟п╨ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫п╬.

П▓я│п╣ п╨п╬п╪п╟п╫п╢я▀, п©я─п╦п╡п╬п╢п╦п╪я▀п╣ п╡ я█я┌п╬п╧ пЁп╩п╟п╡п╣ п╡ п╨п╟я┤п╣я│я┌п╡п╣ п©я─п╦п╪п╣я─п╟, п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫я▀ п╡я▀п©п╬п╩п╫я▐я┌я▄я│я▐ п╬я┌
п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩я▐ root.

8.2. п≈п╟я┤п╣п╪ я│п╬п╠п╦я─п╟я┌я▄ я│п╬п╠я│я┌п╡п╣п╫п╫п╬п╣ я▐п╢я─п╬?

П╒я─п╟п╢п╦я├п╦п╬п╫п╫п╬ п╡ FreeBSD п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╩п╬я│я▄ я┌п╟п╨ п╫п╟п╥я▀п╡п╟п╣п╪п╬п╣ ''п╪п╬п╫п╬п╩п╦я┌п╫п╬п╣'' я▐п╢я─п╬. п╜я┌п╬ п╬п╥п╫п╟я┤п╟п╣я┌,
я┤я┌п╬ я▐п╢я─п╬ -- я█я┌п╬ п╬п╢п╫п╟ п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╟я▐ п©я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪п╟, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╟я▐ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╡п╟п╣я┌ я└п╦п╨я│п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╫я▀п╧ п╫п╟п╠п╬я─
я┐я│я┌я─п╬п╧я│я┌п╡ п╦ п╡ я│п╩я┐я┤п╟п╣, п╣я│п╩п╦ п╫п╣п╬п╠я┘п╬п╢п╦п╪п╬ п╦п╥п╪п╣п╫п╦я┌я▄ п╣пЁп╬ п©п╬п╡п╣п╢п╣п╫п╦п╣, я┌я─п╣п╠я┐п╣я┌я│я▐ я│п╠п╬я─п╨п╟ п╫п╬п╡п╬пЁп╬
я▐п╢я─п╟ п╦ п©п╣я─п╣п╥п╟пЁя─я┐п╥п╨п╟ п╨п╬п╪п©я▄я▌я┌п╣я─п╟ я┐п╤п╣ я│ п╫п╬п╡я▀п╪ я▐п╢я─п╬п╪.

П²п╟ я│п╣пЁп╬п╢п╫я▐я┬п╫п╦п╧ п╢п╣п╫я▄ FreeBSD п╠я▀я│я┌я─п╬ п©я─п╬п╢п╡п╦пЁп╟п╣я┌я│я▐ п╨ п╪п╬п╢п╣п╩п╦, п╡ п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╬п╧ п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╟я▐ я┤п╟я│я┌я▄
я└я┐п╫п╨я├п╦п╬п╫п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ я│п╬п╢п╣я─п╤п╦я┌я│я▐ п╡ п╪п╬п╢я┐п╩я▐я┘, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п╪п╬пЁя┐я┌ п╠я▀я┌я▄ п©я─п╦ п╫п╣п╬п╠я┘п╬п╢п╦п╪п╬я│я┌п╦ п╢п╦п╫п╟п╪п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╦
п╥п╟пЁя─я┐п╤п╣п╫я▀ п╦ п╡я▀пЁя─я┐п╤п╣п╫я▀ п╦п╥ я▐п╢я─п╟. п╜я┌п╬ п©п╬п╥п╡п╬п╩я▐п╣я┌ я▐п╢я─я┐ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ я┐я│я┌я─п╬п╧я│я┌п╡п╟, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣
''п╡п╫п╣п╥п╟п©п╫п╬'' п©п╬я▐п╡п╦п╩п╦я│я▄ п╡ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╣ (п╫п╟п©я─п╦п╪п╣я─, я┐я│я┌я─п╬п╧я│я┌п╡п╟ PCMCIA п╡ п╩я█п©я┌п╬п©п╣) п╦п╩п╦ п╢п╬п╠п╟п╡п╩я▐я┌я▄
п╫п╬п╡я┐я▌ я└я┐п╫п╨я├п╦п╬п╫п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬я│я┌я▄ п╡ я▐п╢я─п╬, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╟я▐ п╫п╣ п╠я▀п╩п╟ п╫п╣п╬п╠я┘п╬п╢п╦п╪п╟ п╡ п╪п╬п╪п╣п╫я┌ п©п╣я─п╡п╬п╫п╟я┤п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬п╧ я│п╠п╬я─п╨п╦
я▐п╢я─п╟. п╒п╟п╨п╬п╧ п©п╬п╢я┘п╬п╢ п╦п╥п╡п╣я│я┌п╣п╫ п╨п╟п╨ п╪п╬п╢я┐п╩я▄п╫п╬я│я┌я▄ я▐п╢я─п╟.

П²п╣я│п╪п╬я┌я─я▐ п╫п╟ я█я┌п╬, п╡я│я▒ п╣я┴я▒ п╦п╫п╬пЁп╢п╟ п╠я▀п╡п╟п╣я┌ п╫п╣п╬п╠я┘п╬п╢п╦п╪п╬, я┤я┌п╬п╠я▀ п╫п╣п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╟я▐ я└я┐п╫п╨я├п╦п╬п╫п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬я│я┌я▄
п╠я▀п╩п╟ п╡п╨п╬п╪п©п╦п╩п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╟ п╡ я▐п╢я─п╬ я│я┌п╟я┌п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╦. п▓ п╫п╣п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀я┘ я│п╩я┐я┤п╟я▐я┘ я█я┌п╬ п©я─п╬п╢п╦п╨я┌п╬п╡п╟п╫п╬ я┌п╣п╪, я┤я┌п╬ я█я┌п╟
я└я┐п╫п╨я├п╦п╬п╫п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬я│я┌я▄ п╫п╟я│я┌п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ я│п╦п╩я▄п╫п╬ п©я─п╦п╡я▐п╥п╟п╫п╟ п╨ я▐п╢я─я┐, я┤я┌п╬ п╫п╣ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ п╠я▀я┌я▄ п╢п╦п╫п╟п╪п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╦
п╥п╟пЁя─я┐п╤п╟п╣п╪п╬п╧. п▓ п╢я─я┐пЁп╦я┘ я│п╩я┐я┤п╟я▐я┘ я█я┌п╬ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ п╠я▀я┌я▄ п©я─п╬я│я┌п╬ п©п╬я┌п╬п╪я┐, я┤я┌п╬ п╫п╦п╨я┌п╬ п╫п╣ я┐п╢п╣п╩п╦п╩ п╡я─п╣п╪я▐
п╫п╟п©п╦я│п╟п╫п╦я▌ п╢п╦п╫п╟п╪п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╦ п╥п╟пЁя─я┐п╤п╟п╣п╪п╬пЁп╬ п╪п╬п╢я┐п╩я▐ п╢п╩я▐ я█я┌п╬п╧ я└я┐п╫п╨я├п╦п╬п╫п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬я│я┌п╦.

П║п╠п╬я─п╨п╟ я│п╬п╠я│я┌п╡п╣п╫п╫п╬пЁп╬ я▐п╢я─п╟ -- п╬п╢п╦п╫ п╦п╥ п╫п╟п╦п╠п╬п╩п╣п╣ п╡п╟п╤п╫я▀я┘ я─п╦я┌я┐п╟п╩п╬п╡, я┤п╣я─п╣п╥ п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╧ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╣п╫
п©я─п╬п╧я┌п╦ п©я─п╟п╨я┌п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╦ п╩я▌п╠п╬п╧ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄ BSD. п²п╣я│п╪п╬я┌я─я▐ п╫п╟ п╢п╩п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬я│я┌я▄ я█я┌п╬пЁп╬ п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│п╟, п╡п╟я┬п╟
FreeBSD п╬я│я┌п╟п╫п╣я┌я│я▐ я┌п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ п╡ п╡я▀п╦пЁя─я▀я┬п╣. п▓ п╬я┌п╩п╦я┤п╦п╣ п╬я┌ я▐п╢я─п╟ GENERIC,
п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╬п╣ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫п╬ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╡п╟я┌я▄ я┬п╦я─п╬п╨п╦п╧ я│п©п╣п╨я┌я─ п╟п©п©п╟я─п╟я┌п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╬п╠п╣я│п©п╣я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐, я│п╬п╠я│я┌п╡п╣п╫п╫п╬п╣ я▐п╢я─п╬
я│п╬п╢п╣я─п╤п╦я┌ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨я┐ п╟п©п©п╟я─п╟я┌п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╬п╠п╣я│п©п╣я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐ я┌п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ п╡п╟я┬п╣пЁп╬ п╨п╬п╪п©я▄я▌я┌п╣я─п╟. п╜я┌п╬ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ п╢п╟п╡п╟я┌я▄ я│п╩п╣п╢я┐я▌я┴п╦п╣
п©я─п╣п╦п╪я┐я┴п╣я│я┌п╡п╟:

П°п╣п╫я▄я┬п╣п╣ п╡я─п╣п╪я▐ п╥п╟пЁя─я┐п╥п╨п╦. п÷п╬я│п╨п╬п╩я▄п╨я┐ я▐п╢я─п╬ п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌ п©я▀я┌п╟я┌я▄я│я▐ п╬п©я─п╣п╢п╣п╩п╦я┌я▄ я┌п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ я┌п╬ п╟п©п©п╟я─п╟я┌п╫п╬п╣
п╬п╠п╣я│п©п╣я┤п╣п╫п╦п╣, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╬п╣ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╩п╣п╫п╬ п╡ п╡п╟я┬п╣п╪ п╨п╬п╪п©я▄я▌я┌п╣я─п╣, п╡я─п╣п╪я▐, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╬п╣ п©п╬я┌я─п╣п╠я┐п╣я┌я│я▐ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╣
п╢п╩я▐ п╥п╟пЁя─я┐п╥п╨п╦, п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ п╥п╫п╟я┤п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬ я┐п╪п╣п╫я▄я┬п╦я┌я▄я│я▐.

Пёп╪п╣п╫я▄я┬п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ п©п╟п╪я▐я┌п╦. п║п╬п╠я│я┌п╡п╣п╫п╫п╬п╣ я▐п╢я─п╬ я┤п╟я│я┌п╬ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐п╣я┌ п╪п╣п╫я▄я┬п╣ п©п╟п╪я▐я┌п╦, я┤п╣п╪
я▐п╢я─п╬ GENERIC, я┤я┌п╬ п╬я┤п╣п╫я▄ п╡п╟п╤п╫п╬, п©п╬я│п╨п╬п╩я▄п╨я┐ я▐п╢я─п╬ п╡я│п╣пЁп╢п╟ п╫п╟я┘п╬п╢п╦я┌я│я▐
п╡ я└п╦п╥п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╬п╧ п©п╟п╪я▐я┌п╦. п≤п╪п╣п╫п╫п╬ п©п╬ я█я┌п╬п╧ п©я─п╦я┤п╦п╫п╣ я│п╬п╠я│я┌п╡п╣п╫п╫п╬п╣ я▐п╢я─п╬ п╬я│п╬п╠п╣п╫п╫п╬ п©п╬п╩п╣п╥п╫п╬ п©я─п╦
п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╦ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪ я│ п╪п╟п╩я▀п╪ п╬п╠я┼п╣п╪п╬п╪ п╬п©п╣я─п╟я┌п╦п╡п╫п╬п╧ п©п╟п╪я▐я┌п╦.

П÷п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╟ п╢п╬п©п╬п╩п╫п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╟п©п©п╟я─п╟я┌п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╬п╠п╣я│п©п╣я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐. п║п╬п╠я│я┌п╡п╣п╫п╫п╬п╣ я▐п╢я─п╬ п©п╬п╥п╡п╬п╩я▐п╣я┌ п╡п╟п╪
п╢п╬п╠п╟п╡п╦я┌я▄ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨я┐ я┐я│я┌я─п╬п╧я│я┌п╡, п╬я┌я│я┐я┌я│я┌п╡я┐я▌я┴п╦я┘ п╡ я▐п╢я─п╣ GENERIC.

8.3. п║п╠п╬я─п╨п╟
п╦ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╨п╟ я│п╬п╠я│я┌п╡п╣п╫п╫п╬пЁп╬ я▐п╢я─п╟

П▓п╬-п©п╣я─п╡я▀я┘, п╢п╟п╡п╟п╧я┌п╣ я│п╢п╣п╩п╟п╣п╪ п╨я─п╟я┌п╨п╦п╧ п╬п╠п╥п╬я─ п╨п╟я┌п╟п╩п╬пЁп╟, п╡ п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╬п╪ п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌ п©я─п╬п╦я│я┘п╬п╢п╦я┌я▄ я│п╠п╬я─п╨п╟
я▐п╢я─п╟. п▓я│п╣ п╨п╟я┌п╟п╩п╬пЁп╦, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п╠я┐п╢я┐я┌ я┐п©п╬п╪п╦п╫п╟я┌я▄я│я▐, п╠я┐п╢я┐я┌ п╬я┌п╫п╬я│п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫я▀п╪п╦ п©п╬ п╬я┌п╫п╬я┬п╣п╫п╦я▌ п╨
п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╫п╬п╪я┐ п╨п╟я┌п╟п╩п╬пЁя┐ /usr/src/sys, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╧ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п©п╣п╫ п╨п╟п╨
п╨п╟я┌п╟п╩п╬пЁ /sys. п╜я┌п╬я┌ п╨п╟я┌п╟п╩п╬пЁ я│п╬п╢п╣я─п╤п╦я┌ п╪п╫п╬п╤п╣я│я┌п╡п╬ п©п╬п╢п╨п╟я┌п╟п╩п╬пЁп╬п╡,
п©я─п╣п╢я│я┌п╟п╡п╩я▐я▌я┴п╦я┘ я│п╬п╠п╬п╧ я─п╟п╥п╩п╦я┤п╫я▀п╣ я┤п╟я│я┌п╦ я▐п╢я─п╟, п╫п╬ п╫п╟п╦п╠п╬п╩п╣п╣ п╡п╟п╤п╫я▀п╪ п╢п╩я▐ п╫п╟я│ п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌ п╨п╟я┌п╟п╩п╬пЁ arch/conf, п╡ п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╬п╪ п╡я▀ п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌п╣
я─п╣п╢п╟п╨я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ п╨п╬п╫я└п╦пЁя┐я─п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫я▀п╧ я└п╟п╧п╩ я▐п╢я─п╟ п╦ п╡ п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╬п╪ п╫п╟я┘п╬п╢п╦я┌я│я▐ п╨п╟я┌п╟п╩п╬пЁ compile, пЁп╢п╣ п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌ я│п╬п╠п╦я─п╟я┌я▄я│я▐ п╡п╟я┬п╣ я▐п╢я─п╬. arch п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ п╠я▀я┌я▄ i386, alpha, amd64, ia64, powerpc, sparc64 п╦п╩п╦ pc98 (п╟п╩я▄я┌п╣я─п╫п╟я┌п╦п╡п╫п╟я▐ п╡п╣я┌п╡я▄
п╟п©п©п╟я─п╟я┌п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╬п╠п╣я│п©п╣я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐, п©п╬п©я┐п╩я▐я─п╫п╟я▐ п╡ п╞п©п╬п╫п╦п╦). п▓я│п╣, я┤я┌п╬ п╫п╟я┘п╬п╢п╦я┌я│я▐ п╡п╫я┐я┌я─п╦ п╨п╟я┌п╟п╩п╬пЁп╟
п╬п©я─п╣п╢п╣п╩п╣п╫п╫п╬п╧ п╟я─я┘п╦я┌п╣п╨я┌я┐я─я▀, п╬я┌п╫п╬я│п╦я┌я│я▐ я┌п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ п╨ я█я┌п╬п╧ п╟я─я┘п╦я┌п╣п╨я┌я┐я─п╣; п╬я│я┌п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬п╧ п╨п╬п╢ я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐
п╪п╟я┬п╦п╫п╫п╬ п╫п╣п╥п╟п╡п╦я│п╦п╪я▀п╪ п╦ п╬п╠я┴п╦п╪ п╢п╩я▐ п╡я│п╣я┘ п©п╩п╟я┌я└п╬я─п╪, п╫п╟ п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ FreeBSD п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ п╠я▀я┌я▄ п©п╬я┌п╣п╫я├п╦п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬
п©п╬я─я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╟. п·п╠я─п╟я┌п╦я┌п╣ п╡п╫п╦п╪п╟п╫п╦п╣ п╫п╟ п╩п╬пЁп╦я┤п╣я│п╨я┐я▌ я│я┌я─я┐п╨я┌я┐я─я┐ п╨п╟я┌п╟п╩п╬пЁп╬п╡, п╡ п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╬п╧ п╨п╟п╤п╢п╬п╣
п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╡п╟п╣п╪п╬п╣ я┐я│я┌я─п╬п╧я│я┌п╡п╬, п╨п╟п╤п╢п╟я▐ я└п╟п╧п╩п╬п╡п╟я▐ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╟ п╦ п╨п╟п╤п╢п╟я▐ п╬п©я├п╦я▐ я─п╟п╥п╪п╣я┴п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ п╡ я│п╡п╬я▒п╪
я│п╬п╠я│я┌п╡п╣п╫п╫п╬п╪ п╨п╟я┌п╟п╩п╬пЁп╣.

П▓ п©я─п╦п╪п╣я─п╟я┘ я█я┌п╬п╧ пЁп╩п╟п╡я▀ п©п╬п╢я─п╟п╥я┐п╪п╣п╡п╟п╣я┌я│я▐, я┤я┌п╬ п╡я▀ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐п╣я┌п╣ п╟я─я┘п╦я┌п╣п╨я┌я┐я─я┐ i386. п∙я│п╩п╦ я█я┌п╬
п╫п╣ я┌п╟п╨, п╦п╥п╪п╣п╫п╦я┌п╣ п╨п╟я┌п╟п╩п╬пЁп╦, я┐п╨п╟п╥п╟п╫п╫я▀п╣ п╡ п©я─п╦п╪п╣я─п╟я┘, п╡ я│п╬п╬я┌п╡п╣я┌я│я┌п╡п╦п╦ я│ п╟я─я┘п╦я┌п╣п╨я┌я┐я─п╬п╧ п╡п╟я┬п╣п╧
я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀.

П≈п╟п╪п╣я┤п╟п╫п╦п╣: п∙я│п╩п╦ п╡ п╡п╟я┬п╣п╧ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╣ п╬я┌я│я┐я┌я│я┌п╡я┐п╣я┌ п╨п╟я┌п╟п╩п╬пЁ /usr/src/sys,
я█я┌п╬ п╬п╥п╫п╟я┤п╟п╣я┌, я┤я┌п╬ п╦я│я┘п╬п╢п╫я▀п╣ я┌п╣п╨я│я┌я▀ я▐п╢я─п╟ п╫п╣ п╠я▀п╩п╦ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╩п╣п╫я▀. п²п╟п╦п╠п╬п╩п╣п╣ п©я─п╬я│я┌п╬п╧ я│п©п╬я│п╬п╠
я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╦я┌я▄ п╦я┘ - п╥п╟п©я┐я│я┌п╦я┌я▄ sysinstall п╨п╟п╨ root, п╡я▀п╠я─п╟я┌я▄ Configure, п©п╬я┌п╬п╪
Distributions, п©п╬я┌п╬п╪ src, п©п╬я┌п╬п╪ base п╦ sys. п∙я│п╩п╦ п╡я▀ п╦я│п©я▀я┌я▀п╡п╟п╣я┌п╣ п╬я┌п╡я─п╟я┴п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╨ sysinstall п╦ я┐ п╡п╟я│ п╣я│я┌я▄ п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п© п╨ ''п╬я└п╦я├п╦п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬п╪я┐'' FreeBSD CDROM,
п╡я▀ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌п╣ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╦я┌я▄ п╦я│я┘п╬п╢п╫я▀п╣ я┌п╣п╨я│я┌я▀ п©я─п╦ п©п╬п╪п╬я┴п╦ п╨п╬п╪п╟п╫п╢п╫п╬п╧ я│я┌я─п╬п╨п╦:

# mount /cdrom
# mkdir -p /usr/src/sys
# ln -s /usr/src/sys /sys
# cat /cdrom/src/ssys.[a-d]* | tar -xzvf -
# cat /cdrom/src/sbase.[a-d]* | tar -xzvf -

П≈п╟я┌п╣п╪, п©п╣я─п╣п╧п╢п╦я┌п╣ п╡ п╨п╟я┌п╟п╩п╬пЁ arch/conf п╦ я│п╨п╬п©п╦я─я┐п╧я┌п╣ я└п╟п╧п╩ п╨п╬п╫я└п╦пЁя┐я─п╟я├п╦п╦ GENERIC п╡ я└п╟п╧п╩ я│ п╡я▀п╠я─п╟п╫п╫я▀п╪ п╡п╟п╪п╦ п╦п╪п╣п╫п╣п╪. п²п╟п©я─п╦п╪п╣я─:

# cd /usr/src/sys/i386/conf
# cp GENERIC MYKERNEL

П÷п╬ я┌я─п╟п╢п╦я├п╦п╦ п╦п╪я▐ я│п╬я│я┌п╬п╦я┌ п╦п╥ п╠я┐п╨п╡ п╡ п╡п╣я─я┘п╫п╣п╪ я─п╣пЁп╦я│я┌я─п╣, п╦ п╣я│п╩п╦ п╡я▀ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╡п╟п╣я┌п╣ п╫п╣я│п╨п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬
п╨п╬п╪п©я▄я▌я┌п╣я─п╬п╡ FreeBSD п╫п╟ я─п╟п╥п╩п╦я┤п╫п╬п╪ п╬п╠п╬я─я┐п╢п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╦, я┘п╬я─п╬я┬п╟я▐ п╦п╢п╣я▐ п╢п╬п╠п╟п╡п╩я▐я┌я▄ я█я┌п╬ п╦п╪я▐ п╨ п╦п╪п╣п╫п╦
я┘п╬я│я┌п╟. п°я▀ п╫п╟п╥п╡п╟п╩п╦ я▐п╢я─п╬ MYKERNEL п╡ я█я┌п╬п╪ п©я─п╦п╪п╣я─п╣.

П÷п╬п╢я│п╨п╟п╥п╨п╟: п÷п╬п╪п╣я┴п╣п╫п╦п╣ я└п╟п╧п╩п╟ п╨п╬п╫я└п╦пЁя┐я─п╟я├п╦п╦ я▐п╢я─п╟ п╡ /usr/src п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ п╠я▀я┌я▄ п©п╩п╬я┘п╬п╧ п╦п╢п╣п╣п╧. п∙я│п╩п╦ п╡я▀ п╦я│п©я▀я┌я▀п╡п╟п╣я┌п╣ п©я─п╬п╠п╩п╣п╪я▀, п╦я┘
п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬ я─п╣я┬п╦я┌я▄ я┐п╢п╟п╩п╦п╡ /usr/src п╦ п╫п╟я┤п╟п╡ п╡я│п╣ я│ п╫п╟я┤п╟п╩п╟. п÷п╬я│п╩п╣ я█я┌п╬пЁп╬
п╬п╠я▀я┤п╫п╬ я┌я─п╣п╠я┐п╣я┌я│я▐ п╫п╣я│п╨п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ я│п╣п╨я┐п╫п╢, я┤я┌п╬п╠я▀ п©п╬п╫я▐я┌я▄, я┤я┌п╬ п╡я▀ я┐п╢п╟п╩п╦п╩п╦ я│п╬п╠я│я┌п╡п╣п╫п╫я▀п╧ я└п╟п╧п╩
п╫п╟я│я┌я─п╬п╧п╨п╦ я▐п╢я─п╟. п²п╣ я─п╣п╢п╟п╨я┌п╦я─я┐п╧я┌п╣ п╫п╣п©п╬я│я─п╣п╢я│я┌п╡п╣п╫п╫п╬ GENERIC, п╬п╫
п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ п╠я▀я┌я▄ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ п©п╣я─п╣п╥п╟п©п╦я│п╟п╫ п╦ п©я─п╦ я│п╩п╣п╢я┐я▌я┴п╣п╪ п╬п╠п╫п╬п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦п╦ п╢п╣я─п╣п╡п╟
п╦я│я┘п╬п╢п╫я▀я┘ я┌п╣п╨я│я┌п╬п╡, п╦ п╦п╥п╪п╣п╫п╣п╫п╦я▐ я▐п╢я─п╟ п╠я┐п╢я┐я┌ п©п╬я┌п╣я─я▐п╫я▀.

П▓я▀ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌п╣ я│п╬я┘я─п╟п╫п╦я┌я▄ я└п╟п╧п╩ п╨п╬п╫я└п╦пЁя┐я─п╟я├п╦п╦ я▐п╢я─п╟ п╡ п╢я─я┐пЁп╬п╪ п╪п╣я│я┌п╣, п╟ п╥п╟я┌п╣п╪ я│п╬п╥п╢п╟я┌я▄
я│п╦п╪п╡п╬п╩п╦я┤п╣я│п╨я┐я▌ я│я│я▀п╩п╨я┐ п╫п╟ я█я┌п╬я┌ я└п╟п╧п╩ п╡ п╨п╟я┌п╟п╩п╬пЁп╣ i386.

П²п╟п©я─п╦п╪п╣я─:

# cd /usr/src/sys/i386/conf
# mkdir /root/kernels
# cp GENERIC /root/kernels/MYKERNEL
# ln -s /root/kernels/MYKERNEL

П╒п╣п©п╣я─я▄ п╬я┌я─п╣п╢п╟п╨я┌п╦я─я┐п╧я┌п╣ я└п╟п╧п╩ MYKERNEL п╡ я│п╡п╬я▒п╪ п╩я▌п╠п╦п╪п╬п╪
я┌п╣п╨я│я┌п╬п╡п╬п╪ я─п╣п╢п╟п╨я┌п╬я─п╣. п∙я│п╩п╦ п╡я▀ я┌п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ п╫п╟я┤п╦п╫п╟п╣я┌п╣, п╣п╢п╦п╫я│я┌п╡п╣п╫п╫я▀п╪ п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п©п╫я▀п╪ я─п╣п╢п╟п╨я┌п╬я─п╬п╪ я│п╨п╬я─п╣п╣
п╡я│п╣пЁп╬ п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌ vi, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╧ я│п╩п╦я┬п╨п╬п╪ я│п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫ п╢п╩я▐ я┌п╬пЁп╬, я┤я┌п╬п╠я▀ п╬п©п╦я│п╟я┌я▄
п╣пЁп╬ п╥п╢п╣я│я▄, п╫п╬ п╡ п╠п╦п╠п╩п╦п╬пЁя─п╟я└п╦п╦ п©п╣я─п╣я┤п╦я│п╩п╣п╫п╬ п╪п╫п╬п╤п╣я│я┌п╡п╬ п╨п╫п╦пЁ, п╡
п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀я┘ п╣пЁп╬ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣ я┘п╬я─п╬я┬п╬ п╬я│п╡п╣я┴п╣п╫п╬. п·п╢п╫п╟п╨п╬ FreeBSD п©я─п╣п╢п╬я│я┌п╟п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌ п╠п╬п╩п╣п╣ п©я─п╬я│я┌п╬п╧
я─п╣п╢п╟п╨я┌п╬я─ ee, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╧, п╣я│п╩п╦ п╡я▀ -- п╫п╬п╡п╦я┤п╬п╨, п©п╬п╢п╬п╧п╢я▒я┌ п╡п╟п╪ п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╣
п╡я│п╣пЁп╬. п²п╣ я│я┌п╣я│п╫я▐п╧я┌п╣я│я▄ п╦п╥п╪п╣п╫я▐я┌я▄ я│я┌я─п╬п╨п╦ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я─п╦п╣п╡ п╡ п╫п╟я┤п╟п╩п╣ я└п╟п╧п╩п╟, я│ я┌п╣п╪, я┤я┌п╬п╠я▀
п╬я┌п╬п╠я─п╟п╥п╦я┌я▄ п╡п╟я┬я┐ п╨п╬п╫я└п╦пЁя┐я─п╟я├п╦я▌ п╦п╩п╦ п╦п╥п╪п╣п╫п╣п╫п╦я▐, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п╡я▀ я│п╢п╣п╩п╟п╩п╦ п©п╬ я│я─п╟п╡п╫п╣п╫п╦я▌ я│ GENERIC.

П∙я│п╩п╦ п╡п╟п╪ п©я─п╦я┘п╬п╢п╦п╩п╬я│я▄ я│п╬п╠п╦я─п╟я┌я▄ я▐п╢я─п╬ п╢п╩я▐ SunOS п╦п╩п╦
п╨п╟п╨п╬п╧-п╩п╦п╠п╬ п╢я─я┐пЁп╬п╧ п╬п©п╣я─п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫п╬п╧ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀ я┌п╦п©п╟ BSD, п╪п╫п╬пЁп╬п╣ п╦п╥ я┌п╬пЁп╬, я┤я┌п╬ я│п╬п╢п╣я─п╤п╦я┌я│я▐ п╡ я█я┌п╬п╪
я└п╟п╧п╩п╣ п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌ п╬я┤п╣п╫я▄ п╥п╫п╟п╨п╬п╪п╬ п╡п╟п╪. п∙я│п╩п╦ п╤п╣ п╡я▀, п╫п╟п©я─п╬я┌п╦п╡, п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╩п╦ п╢я─я┐пЁя┐я▌ п╬п©п╣я─п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫я┐я▌
я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я┐, я┌п╟п╨я┐я▌ п╨п╟п╨ DOS, я└п╟п╧п╩ п╨п╬п╫я└п╦пЁя┐я─п╟я├п╦п╦ GENERIC п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌
п©п╬п╨п╟п╥п╟я┌я▄я│я▐ п╡п╟п╪ п╨я─п╟п╧п╫п╣ я│п╩п╬п╤п╫я▀п╪, п©п╬я█я┌п╬п╪я┐ я│п╩п╣п╢я┐п╧я┌п╣ п╦п╫я│я┌я─я┐п╨я├п╦я▐п╪ п╡ я─п╟п╥п╢п╣п╩п╣ п п╬п╫я└п╦пЁя┐я─п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫я▀п╧ я└п╟п╧п╩ п╪п╣п╢п╩п╣п╫п╫п╬ п╦ п╡п╫п╦п╪п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬.

П≈п╟п╪п╣я┤п╟п╫п╦п╣: п∙я│п╩п╦ п╡я▀ я│п╦п╫я┘я─п╬п╫п╦п╥п╦я─я┐п╣я┌п╣ п╢п╣я─п╣п╡п╬ п╦я│я┘п╬п╢п╫я▀я┘
я┌п╣п╨я│я┌п╬п╡ я│ п╢п╣я─п╣п╡п╬п╪ п©я─п╬п╣п╨я┌п╟ FreeBSD, п╫п╣ п╥п╟п╠я┐п╢я▄я┌п╣ я│п╡п╣я─п╦я┌я▄я│я▐ я│ я└п╟п╧п╩п╬п╪ /usr/src/UPDATING п©п╣я─п╣п╢ п╬п╠п╫п╬п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦п╣п╪. п▓ я█я┌п╬п╪ я└п╟п╧п╩п╣ п╬п©п╦я│п╟п╫я▀ п╡я│п╣
п╡п╟п╤п╫я▀п╣ п╡п╬п©я─п╬я│я▀ п╦ п╬п╠п╩п╟я│я┌п╦ п╦я│я┘п╬п╢п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╨п╬п╢п╟, я┌я─п╣п╠я┐я▌я┴п╦п╣ п╬я│п╬п╠п╬пЁп╬ п╡п╫п╦п╪п╟п╫п╦я▐. /usr/src/UPDATING п╡я│п╣пЁп╢п╟ я│п╬п╬я┌п╡п╣я┌я│я┌п╡я┐п╣я┌ п╡п╣я─я│п╦п╦ п╡п╟я┬п╦я┘ п╦я│я┘п╬п╢п╫я▀я┘
я┌п╣п╨я│я┌п╬п╡ FreeBSD, п©п╬я█я┌п╬п╪я┐ я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ п╠п╬п╩п╣п╣ п╟п╨я┌я┐п╟п╩я▄п╫я▀п╪ п╦я│я┌п╬я┤п╫п╦п╨п╬п╪ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╦, я┤п╣п╪ я█я┌п╬
я─я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡п╬.

П╒п╣п©п╣я─я▄ п╡я▀ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫я▀ я│п╨п╬п╪п©п╦п╩п╦я─п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ я▐п╢я─п╬.

П║п╠п╬я─п╨п╟ я▐п╢я─п╟

П÷п╣я─п╣п╧п╢п╦я┌п╣ п╡ п╨п╟я┌п╟п╩п╬пЁ /usr/src:

# cd /usr/src

П║п╬п╠п╣я─п╦я┌п╣ я▐п╢я─п╬:

# make buildkernel KERNCONF=MYKERNEL

Пёя│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╦я┌п╣ п╫п╬п╡п╬п╣ я▐п╢я─п╬:

# make installkernel KERNCONF=MYKERNEL

П≈п╟п╪п╣я┤п╟п╫п╦п╣: п■п╩я▐ я│п╠п╬я─п╨п╦ я▐п╢я─п╟ п╫п╣п╬п╠я┘п╬п╢п╦п╪п╬ п╫п╟п╩п╦я┤п╦п╣ п╡я│п╣я┘ п╦я│я┘п╬п╢п╫я▀я┘ я└п╟п╧п╩п╬п╡ FreeBSD.

П÷п╬п╢я│п╨п╟п╥п╨п╟: п÷п╬ я┐п╪п╬п╩я┤п╟п╫п╦я▌, п©я─п╦ п©п╬я│я┌я─п╬п╣п╫п╦п╦ я▐п╢я─п╟, п╡я│п╣ п╪п╬п╢я┐п╩п╦ я▐п╢я─п╟ я┌п╟п╨ п╤п╣ п╠я┐п╢я┐я┌ п©п╣я─п╣я│п╬п╠я─п╟п╫я▀. п∙я│п╩п╦ п╡я▀ я┘п╬я┌п╦я┌п╣
п╬п╠п╫п╬п╡п╦я┌я▄ я▐п╢я─п╬ п╠я▀я│я┌я─п╣п╣ п╦п╩п╦ п©п╬я│я┌я─п╬п╦я┌я▄ я┌п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ п╬п©я─п╣п╢п╣п╩я▒п╫п╫я▀п╣ п╪п╬п╢я┐п╩п╦, я┌п╬ п╡п╟п╪ п╫я┐п╤п╫п╬
п╬я┌я─п╣п╢п╟п╨я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ я└п╟п╧п╩ /etc/make.conf п©п╣я─п╣п╢ п╫п╟я┤п╟п╩п╬п╪ п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│п╟
я│п╠п╬я─п╨п╦ я▐п╢я─п╟:

MODULES_OVERRIDE = linux acpi sound/sound sound/driver/ds1 ntfs

П╜я┌п╟ п©п╣я─п╣п╪п╣п╫п╫п╟я▐ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╟п╡п╩п╦п╡п╟п╣я┌ я│п©п╦я│п╬п╨ п╪п╬п╢я┐п╩п╣п╧, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п╫я┐п╤п╫п╬ п©п╬я│я┌я─п╬п╦я┌я▄ п╡п╪п╣я│я┌п╬ п©п╬я│я┌я─п╬п╣п╫п╦я▐
п╡я│п╣я┘ п╪п╬п╢я┐п╩п╣п╧. п≈п╟ п╢я─я┐пЁп╦п╪п╦ п©п╣я─п╣п╪п╣п╫п╫я▀п╪п╦, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п╡я▀ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌п╣ п©п╬я│я┤п╦я┌п╟я┌я▄ п©п╬п╩п╣п╥п╫я▀п╪п╦ п╡ п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│п╣
я│п╠п╬я─п╨п╦ я▐п╢я─п╟, п╬п╠я─п╟я┴п╟п╧я┌п╣я│я▄ п╨ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├п╣ я│п©я─п╟п╡п╬я┤п╫п╦п╨п╟ make.conf(5).

П²п╬п╡п╬п╣ я▐п╢я─п╬ п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌ я│п╨п╬п©п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╬ п╡ п╨п╟я┌п╟п╩п╬пЁ /boot/kernel п╨п╟п╨ /boot/kernel/kernel, п╟ я│я┌п╟я─п╬п╣ я▐п╢я─п╬ п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌ п©п╣я─п╣п╪п╣я┴п╣п╫п╬ п╡ /boot/kernel.old/kernel. п╒п╣п©п╣я─я▄ п©п╣я─п╣п╥п╟пЁя─я┐п╥п╦я┌п╣ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я┐ п╢п╩я▐ я┌п╬пЁп╬,
я┤я┌п╬п╠я▀ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ п╫п╬п╡п╬п╣ я▐п╢я─п╬. п∙я│п╩п╦ я┤я┌п╬-я┌п╬ п©п╬п╧п╢я▒я┌ п╫п╣ я┌п╟п╨, п╡я▀ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌п╣ п╬п╠я─п╟я┌п╦я┌я▄я│я▐ п╨ я─п╟п╥п╢п╣п╩я┐
п═п╣я┬п╣п╫п╦п╣ п©я─п╬п╠п╩п╣п╪ п╡ п╨п╬п╫я├п╣ я█я┌п╬п╧ пЁп╩п╟п╡я▀, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╧ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌
п╬п╨п╟п╥п╟я┌я▄я│я▐ п©п╬п╩п╣п╥п╣п╫. п²п╣ п╥п╟п╠я┐п╢я▄я┌п╣ п©я─п╬я┤п╦я┌п╟я┌я▄ я─п╟п╥п╢п╣п╩, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╧ п╬п╠я┼я▐я│п╫я▐п╣я┌ п╨п╟п╨ п╦я│п©я─п╟п╡п╦я┌я▄
я│п╦я┌я┐п╟я├п╦я▌, п╨п╬пЁп╢п╟ я▐п╢я─п╬ п╫п╣ п╥п╟пЁя─я┐п╤п╟п╣я┌я│я▐.

П≈п╟п╪п╣я┤п╟п╫п╦п╣: п■я─я┐пЁп╦п╣ я└п╟п╧п╩я▀, п╬я┌п╫п╬я│я▐я┴п╦п╣я│я▐ п╨ п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│я┐ п╥п╟пЁя─я┐п╥п╨п╦, я┌п╟п╨п╦п╣ п╨п╟п╨ п╥п╟пЁя─я┐п╥я┤п╦п╨
(loader(8)) п╦ п╣пЁп╬
п╨п╬п╫я└п╦пЁя┐я─п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫я▀п╣ я└п╟п╧п╩я▀, я─п╟п╥п╪п╣я┴п╟я▌я┌я│я▐ п╡ /boot. п°п╬п╢я┐п╩п╦ я│я┌п╬я─п╬п╫п╫п╦я┘
п©я─п╬п╦п╥п╡п╬п╢п╦я┌п╣п╩п╣п╧ п╪п╬пЁя┐я┌ п╠я▀я┌я▄ п©п╬п╪п╣я┴п╣п╫я▀ п╡ /boot/kernel, я┘п╬я┌я▐
п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩п╦ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫я▀ п╥п╫п╟я┌я▄, я┤я┌п╬ п╬я┤п╣п╫я▄ п╡п╟п╤п╫п╬, я┤я┌п╬п╠я▀ п╪п╬п╢я┐п╩п╦ п╠я▀п╩п╦ я│п╦п╫я┘я─п╬п╫п╦п╥п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫я▀ я│
я│п╬п╠я─п╟п╫п╫я▀п╪ я▐п╢я─п╬п╪. п°п╬п╢я┐п╩п╦, п╫п╣ я─п╟я│я│я┤п╦я┌п╟п╫п╫я▀п╣ п╫п╟ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я┐ я│ я│п╬п╠я─п╟п╫п╫я▀п╪ я▐п╢я─п╬п╪, п╪п╬пЁя┐я┌ п╡я▀п╥п╡п╟я┌я▄
п╫п╣я│я┌п╟п╠п╦п╩я▄п╫п╬я│я┌я▄ п╦ п╫п╣п╨п╬я─я─п╣п╨я┌п╫п╬я│я┌я▄ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я▀.

8.4.
п п╬п╫я└п╦пЁя┐я─п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫я▀п╧ я└п╟п╧п╩

п·п╠п╫п╬п╡п╦п╩ п╢п╩я▐ FreeBSD 6.X Joel
Dahl. 

П╓п╬я─п╪п╟я┌ п╨п╬п╫я└п╦пЁя┐я─п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫п╬пЁп╬ я└п╟п╧п╩п╟ п╢п╬я│я┌п╟я┌п╬я┤п╫п╬ п©я─п╬я│я┌. п п╟п╤п╢п╟я▐ я│я┌я─п╬п╨п╟ п©я─п╣п╢я│я┌п╟п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌ я│п╬п╠п╬п╧
п╨п╩я▌я┤п╣п╡п╬п╣ я│п╩п╬п╡п╬ п╦ п╬п╢п╦п╫ п╦п╩п╦ п╠п╬п╩п╣п╣ п╟я─пЁя┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╬п╡. п■п╩я▐ п©я─п╬я│я┌п╬я┌я▀ п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╦п╫я│я┌п╡п╬ я│я┌я─п╬п╨ я│п╬п╢п╣я─п╤п╟я┌
я┌п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ п╬п╢п╦п╫ п╟я─пЁя┐п╪п╣п╫я┌. п▓я│я▒, я┤я┌п╬ я│п╩п╣п╢я┐п╣я┌ п╥п╟ я│п╦п╪п╡п╬п╩п╬п╪ # я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐
п╨п╬п╪п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я─п╦п╣п╪ п╦ п╦пЁп╫п╬я─п╦я─я┐п╣я┌я│я▐. п║п╩п╣п╢я┐я▌я┴п╦п╣ я─п╟п╥п╢п╣п╩я▀ п╬п©п╦я│я▀п╡п╟я▌я┌ п╨п╟п╤п╢я▀п╧ п©п╟я─п╟п╪п╣я┌я─, п╡ п©п╬я─я▐п╢п╨п╣, п╡
п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╬п╪ п╬п╫п╦ п©п╬я▐п╡п╩я▐я▌я┌я│я▐ п╡ GENERIC.  п≈п╟ п©п╬п╩п╫я▀п╪ я│п©п╦я│п╨п╬п╪ п╟я─я┘п╦я┌п╣п╨я┌я┐я─п╫п╬-п╥п╟п╡п╦я│п╦п╪я▀я┘ п©п╟я─п╟п╪п╣я┌я─п╬п╡ п╦
я┐я│я┌я─п╬п╧я│я┌п╡ п╬п╠я─п╟я┌п╦я┌п╣я│я▄ п╨ я└п╟п╧п╩я┐ NOTES п╡ я┌п╬п╪ п╤п╣ п╨п╟я┌п╟п╩п╬пЁп╣, я┤я┌п╬ п╦ GENERIC. п░я─я┘п╦я┌п╣п╨я┌я┐я─п╫п╬ п╫п╣п╥п╟п╡п╦я│п╦п╪я▀п╣ п©п╟я─п╟п╪п╣я┌я─я▀ п╫п╟я┘п╬п╢я▐я┌я│я▐ п╡ /usr/src/sys/conf/NOTES.

П≈п╟п╪п╣я┤п╟п╫п╦п╣: п▓ FreeBSD 5.X п╦ п╠п╬п╩п╣п╣ п©п╬п╥п╢п╫п╦я┘ п╡п╣я─я│п╦я▐я┘ п╡я▀ п╡я│п╣ п╣я┴п╣ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌п╣ я│п╬п╥п╢п╟я┌я▄
я│п╬п╠п╦я─п╟п╣п╪я▀п╧ LINT, п╡я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╦п╡:

П■п╩я▐ я│п╠п╬я─п╨п╦ я▐п╢я─п╟ я│п╬ п╡я│п╣п╪п╦ п╡п╬п╥п╪п╬п╤п╫я▀п╪п╦ п╬п©я├п╦я▐п╪п╦ (п╬п╠я▀я┤п╫п╬ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐п╣я┌я│я▐ п╢п╩я▐ я┌п╣я│я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐),
п╡я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╦я┌п╣ п╬я┌ п╦п╪п╣п╫п╦ я│я┐п©п╣я─п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩я▐ (root) я│п╩п╣п╢я┐я▌я┴я┐я▌
п╨п╬п╪п╟п╫п╢я┐:

# cd /usr/src/sys/i386/conf >> make LINT

П╜я┌п╬ п©я─п╦п╪п╣я─ п╨п╬п╫я└п╦пЁя┐я─п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫п╬пЁп╬ я└п╟п╧п╩п╟ я▐п╢я─п╟ GENERIC я│ я─п╟п╥п╩п╦я┤п╫я▀п╪п╦
п╢п╬п©п╬п╩п╫п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫я▀п╪п╦ п╨п╬п╪п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟я─п╦я▐п╪п╦, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п╪п╬пЁя┐я┌ п©п╬п╫п╟п╢п╬п╠п╦я┌я▄я│я▐ п╢п╩я▐ я▐я│п╫п╬я│я┌п╦. п╜я┌п╬я┌ п©я─п╦п╪п╣я─ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╣п╫
я│п╬п╡п©п╟п╢п╟я┌я▄ я│ п╡п╟я┬п╣п╧ п╨п╬п©п╦п╣п╧ п╡ /usr/src/sys/i386/conf/GENERIC п©я─п╟п╨я┌п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╦ п©п╬п╩п╫п╬я│я┌я▄я▌.

machine        i386

П╜я┌п╬ п╟я─я┘п╦я┌п╣п╨я┌я┐я─п╟ п╪п╟я┬п╦п╫я▀. п·п╫п╟ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫п╟ п╠я▀я┌я▄ п╬п╢п╫п╬п╧ п╦п╥ я│п╩п╣п╢я┐я▌я┴п╦я┘: alpha, amd64, i386, ia64, pc98,
powerpc, п╦п╩п╦ sparc64.

cpu          I486_CPU
cpu          I586_CPU
cpu          I686_CPU

П╜я┌п╟ п╬п©я├п╦я▐ я┐п╨п╟п╥я▀п╡п╟п╣я┌ я┌п╦п© п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│п╬я─п╟, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╧ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐п╣я┌я│я▐ п╡ п╡п╟я┬п╣п╧ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╣. п▓
п╨п╬п╫я└п╦пЁя┐я─п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫п╬п╪ я└п╟п╧п╩п╣ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ п╠я▀я┌я▄ п╫п╣я│п╨п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ п╡я┘п╬п╤п╢п╣п╫п╦п╧ я█я┌п╬п╧ п╬п©я├п╦п╦ (п╫п╟п©я─п╦п╪п╣я─, п╣я│п╩п╦ п╡я▀ п╫п╣
я┐п╡п╣я─п╣п╫я▀, п╨п╟п╨п╬п╧ п╦п╥ я┌п╦п©п╬п╡ п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│п╬я─п╟ п╫п╣п╬п╠я┘п╬п╢п╦п╪п╬ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ -- I586_CPU п╦п╩п╦ I686_CPU), п╫п╬ п╢п╩я▐ я│п╬п╠я│я┌п╡п╣п╫п╫п╬пЁп╬
я▐п╢я─п╟ п╩я┐я┤я┬п╣ я┐п╨п╟п╥я▀п╡п╟я┌я▄ я┌п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ я┌п╬я┌ я┌п╦п© п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│п╬я─п╟, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╧ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╩п╣п╫ п╡ п╡п╟я┬п╣п╧ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╣. п∙я│п╩п╦
п╡я▀ п╫п╣ я┐п╡п╣я─п╣п╫я▀, п╨п╟п╨п╬п╧ я┌п╦п© п╫п╣п╬п╠я┘п╬п╢п╦п╪п╬ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ п╡п╟п╪, п╡я▀ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌п╣ п╡п╬я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄я│я▐ я└п╟п╧п╩п╬п╪
/var/run/dmesg.boot, я┤я┌п╬п╠я▀ я┐п╡п╦п╢п╣я┌я▄ п©я─п╬я┌п╬п╨п╬п╩ п╥п╟пЁя─я┐п╥п╨п╦
я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀.

ident          GENERIC

П╜я┌п╬я┌ п©п╟я─п╟п╪п╣я┌я─ п╬п©я─п╣п╢п╣п╩я▐п╣я┌ ''п╪п╣я┌п╨я┐'' я▐п╢я─п╟. п²п╣п╬п╠я┘п╬п╢п╦п╪п╬, я┤я┌п╬п╠я▀ п╬п╫п╟ я│п╬п╬я┌п╡п╣я┌я│я┌п╡п╬п╡п╟п╩п╟
п╫п╟п╥п╡п╟п╫п╦я▌ я└п╟п╧п╩п╟ п╨п╬п╫я└п╦пЁя┐я─п╟я├п╦п╦ я▐п╢я─п╟, п╫п╟п©я─п╦п╪п╣я─ MYKERNEL, п╣я│п╩п╦ п╡я▀
я│п╩п╣п╢п╬п╡п╟п╩п╦ п╦п╫я│я┌я─я┐п╨я├п╦я▐п╪ п╡ п©я─п╣п╢я▀п╢я┐я┴п╦я┘ п©я─п╦п╪п╣я─п╟я┘. п≈п╫п╟я┤п╣п╫п╦п╣, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╬п╣ п╡я▀ п©я─п╦я│п╡п╬п╦я┌п╣ п©п╟я─п╟п╪п╣я┌я─я┐ ident п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌ п╡я▀п╡п╬п╢п╦я┌я▄я│я▐ п╡ п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│п╣ п╥п╟пЁя─я┐п╥п╨п╦, п©п╬я█я┌п╬п╪я┐ п©п╬п╩п╣п╥п╫п╬ п╢п╟п╡п╟я┌я▄
п╫п╬п╡я▀п╪ я▐п╢я─п╟п╪ п╢я─я┐пЁп╦п╣ п╦п╪п╣п╫п╟ п╢п╩я▐ я┌п╬пЁп╬, я┤я┌п╬п╠я▀ п╬я┌п╩п╦я┤п╟я┌я▄ п╦я┘ п╬я┌ п╬п╠я▀я┤п╫п╬пЁп╬ я▐п╢я─п╟ (п╫п╟п©я─п╦п╪п╣я─, п╣я│п╩п╦ п╡я▀
я┘п╬я┌п╦я┌п╣ я│п╬п╠я─п╟я┌я▄ я█п╨я│п©п╣я─п╦п╪п╣п╫я┌п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬п╣ я▐п╢я─п╬).

#To statically compile in device wiring instead of /boot/device.hints
#hints          "GENERIC.hints"         # Default places to look for devices.

device.hints(5)
п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐я▌я┌я│я▐ п╢п╩я▐ п╫п╟я│я┌я─п╬п╧п╨п╦ п©п╟я─п╟п╪п╣я┌я─п╬п╡ п╢я─п╟п╧п╡п╣я─п╬п╡ я┐я│я┌я─п╬п╧я│я┌п╡. п÷я┐я┌я▄ п©п╬ я┐п╪п╬п╩я┤п╟п╫п╦я▌, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╧ loader(8) п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌
п©я─п╬п╡п╣я─я▐я┌я▄ п©я─п╦ п╥п╟пЁя─я┐п╥п╨п╣ - /boot/device.hints. п≤я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐я▐ п╬п©я├п╦я▌
hints п╡я▀ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌п╣ п╡п╨п╬п╪п©п╦п╩п╦я─п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ я█я┌п╦ п©п╟я─п╟п╪п╣я┌я─я▀ я│я┌п╟я┌п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╦ п╡ п╡п╟я┬п╣
я▐п╢я─п╬. п▓ я█я┌п╬п╪ я│п╩я┐я┤п╟п╣ п╫п╣ я┌я─п╣п╠я┐п╣я┌я│я▐ я│п╬п╥п╢п╟п╡п╟я┌я▄ я└п╟п╧п╩ device.hints п╡
п╨п╟я┌п╟п╩п╬пЁп╣ /boot.

makeoptions     DEBUG=-g          # Build kernel with gdb(1) debug symbols

П·п╠я▀я┤п╫я▀п╧ п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│ я│п╠п╬я─п╨п╦ FreeBSD п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╟п╣я┌ пЁп╣п╫п╣я─п╟я├п╦я▌ п╬я┌п╩п╟п╢п╬я┤п╫п╬п╧ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╦ (п╬п©я├п╦я▌ -g gcc(1)) п©я─п╦ я│п╠п╬я─п╨п╣
я▐п╢я─п╟. п╒п╬пЁп╬ п╤п╣ я│п╟п╪п╬пЁп╬ я█я└я└п╣п╨я┌п╟ п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬ п╢п╬п╠п╦я┌я▄я│я▐ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐я▐ п╬п©я├п╦я▌ config(8) -g, п╡ я│п╩я┐я┤п╟п╣, п╣я│п╩п╦ п╡я▀ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐п╣я┌п╣ ''я┌я─п╟п╢п╦я├п╦п╬п╫п╫я▀п╧'' я│п©п╬я│п╬п╠ я│п╠п╬я─п╨п╦
я▐п╢я─п╟ (п╬п╠я─п╟я┌п╦я┌п╣я│я▄ п╨ п═п╟п╥п╢. 8.3 п╥п╟ п╢п╬п©п╬п╩п╫п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬п╧
п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╣п╧).

options          SCHED_4BSD         # 4BSD scheduler

П╒я─п╟п╢п╦я├п╦п╬п╫п╫я▀п╧ п©п╩п╟п╫п╦я─п╬п╡я┴п╦п╨ FreeBSD. п²п╣п╬п╠я┘п╬п╢п╦п╪п╟я▐ п╬п©я├п╦я▐.

options          PREEMPTION         # Enable kernel thread preemption

П÷п╬п╥п╡п╬п╩я▐п╣я┌ п╡я▀я│п╬п╨п╬п©я─п╦п╬я─п╦я┌п╣я┌п╫я▀п╪ п╫п╦я┌я▐п╪ я▐п╢я─п╟ п╡я▀я┌п╣я│п╫я▐я┌я▄ п╨п╬п╫п╨я┐я─п╣п╫я┌п╬п╡, п╫п╟я┘п╬п╢я▐я┴п╦я┘я│я▐ п╡ я─п╣п╤п╦п╪п╣
п╡я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╣п╫п╦я▐. п╜я┌п╟ п╬п©я├п╦я▐ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ п©п╬п╪п╬я┤я▄ п©п╬п╡я▀я│п╦я┌я▄ я─п╣п╟п╨я┌п╦п╡п╫п╬я│я┌я▄ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀ п©п╬ п╬я┌п╫п╬я┬п╣п╫п╦я▌ п╨ п╡п╫п╣я┬п╫п╦п╪
п╡п╬п╥п╢п╣п╧я│я┌п╡п╦я▐п╪, п╫п╟п©я─п╦п╪п╣я─, п╥п╟ я│я┤п╣я┌ я│п╫п╦п╤п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╩п╟я┌п╣п╫я┌п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ п╫п╦я┌п╣п╧, п╬п╠я─п╟п╠п╟я┌я▀п╡п╟я▌я┴п╦я┘
п©я─п╣я─я▀п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐.

options          INET              # InterNETworking

П÷п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╟ я│п╣я┌п╣п╡я▀я┘ п╡п╬п╥п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬я│я┌п╣п╧. п·я│я┌п╟п╡я▄я┌п╣ я█я┌я┐ п╬п©я├п╦я▌ п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╣п╫п╫п╬п╧, п╢п╟п╤п╣ п╣я│п╩п╦ п╡я▀ п╫п╣
п©п╩п╟п╫п╦я─я┐п╣я┌п╣ п©п╬п╢п╨п╩я▌я┤п╟я┌я▄я│я▐ п╨ я│п╣я┌п╦. п▒п╬п╩я▄я┬п╦п╫я│я┌п╡п╬ п©я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪ я┌я─п╣п╠я┐я▌я┌, я┤я┌п╬п╠я▀ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟п╩ я┘п╬я┌я▐ п╠я▀
п╦п╫я┌п╣я─я└п╣п╧я│ п╬п╠я─п╟я┌п╫п╬п╧ я│п╡я▐п╥п╦ (loopback) (я┌.п╣. я│п╬п╥п╢п╟п╫п╦п╣ я│п╣я┌п╣п╡я▀я┘ я│п╬п╣п╢п╦п╫п╣п╫п╦п╧ п╡п╫я┐я┌я─п╦ п╡п╟я┬п╣пЁп╬ п÷п ),
я┌п╟п╨ я┤я┌п╬ я█я┌п╟ п╬п©я├п╦я▐ п╡ п©я─п╦п╫я├п╦п©п╣ я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ п╬п╠я▐п╥п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬п╧.

options          INET6             # IPv6 communications protocols

П▓п╨п╩я▌я┤п╟п╣я┌ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨я┐ п╨п╬п╪п╪я┐п╫п╦п╨п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫я▀я┘ п©я─п╬я┌п╬п╨п╬п╩п╬п╡ IPv6.

options          FFS               # Berkeley Fast Filesystem

П▓п╨п╩я▌я┤п╟п╣я┌ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨я┐ п╬я│п╫п╬п╡п╫п╬п╧ я└п╟п╧п╩п╬п╡п╬п╧ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀. п²п╣ я┐п╢п╟п╩я▐п╧я┌п╣ я█я┌я┐ п╬п©я├п╦я▌, п╣я│п╩п╦ п╡я▀
п©п╩п╟п╫п╦я─я┐п╣я┌п╣ п╥п╟пЁя─я┐п╤п╟я┌я▄я│я▐ я│ п╤п╣я│я┌п╨п╬пЁп╬ п╢п╦я│п╨п╟.

options          SOFTUPDATES       # Enable FFS Soft Updates support

П╜я┌п╬я┌ п©п╟я─п╟п╪п╣я┌я─ п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╟п╣я┌ п╡ я▐п╢я─п╣ я┌п╣я┘п╫п╬п╩п╬пЁп╦я▌ Soft Updates, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╟я▐ п©п╬п╡я▀я┬п╟п╣я┌ я│п╨п╬я─п╬я│я┌я▄
п╥п╟п©п╦я│п╦ п╫п╟ п╢п╦я│п╨п╦. п²п╣я│п╪п╬я┌я─я▐ п╫п╟ я┌п╬, я┤я┌п╬ я█я┌п╟ я┌п╣я┘п╫п╬п╩п╬пЁп╦я▐ п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╣п╫п╟ п╡ я▐п╢я─п╣, п╬п╫п╟ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫п╟ п╠я▀я┌я▄
п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╣п╫п╟ п╢п╩я▐ п╬я┌п╢п╣п╩я▄п╫я▀я┘ п╢п╦я│п╨п╬п╡. п÷я─п╬я│п╪п╬я┌я─п╦я┌п╣ п╡я▀п╡п╬п╢ п╨п╬п╪п╟п╫п╢я▀ mount(8) я┤я┌п╬п╠я▀
п╬п©я─п╣п╢п╣п╩п╦я┌я▄, п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╣п╫я▀ п╩п╦ Soft Updates п╢п╩я▐ п╢п╦я│п╨п╬п╡ п╡п╟я┬п╣п╧ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀. п∙я│п╩п╦ п╡я▀ п╫п╣ я┐п╡п╦п╢п╦я┌п╣
п©п╟я─п╟п╪п╣я┌я─ soft-updates, п╡п╟п╪ п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌ п╫п╣п╬п╠я┘п╬п╢п╦п╪п╬ п╟п╨я┌п╦п╡п╦я─п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ п╣пЁп╬ п©я─п╦
п©п╬п╪п╬я┴п╦ п╨п╬п╪п╟п╫п╢я▀ tunefs(8) (п╢п╩я▐
я│я┐я┴п╣я│я┌п╡я┐я▌я┴п╦я┘ я└п╟п╧п╩п╬п╡я▀я┘ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪) п╦п╩п╦ п╨п╬п╪п╟п╫п╢я▀ newfs(8) (п╢п╩я▐ п╫п╬п╡я▀я┘
я└п╟п╧п╩п╬п╡я▀я┘ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪).

options          UFS_ACL           # Support for access control lists

П╜я┌п╬я┌ п©п╟я─п╟п╪п╣я┌я─ п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╟п╣я┌ п╡ я▐п╢я─п╣ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨я┐ я│п©п╦я│п╨п╬п╡ я┐п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п©п╬п╪ (ACL).
п·я│п╫п╬п╡я▀п╡п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ п╫п╟ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╦ я─п╟я│я┬п╦я─п╣п╫п╫я▀я┘ п╟я┌я─п╦п╠я┐я┌п╬п╡ п╦ UFS2, п╢п╣я┌п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬п╣ п╬п©п╦я│п╟п╫п╦п╣ п╡я▀ я│п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌п╣ п╫п╟п╧я┌п╦ п╡ п═п╟п╥п╢.
14.12. ACL п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╣п╫я▀ п©п╬ я┐п╪п╬п╩я┤п╟п╫п╦я▌ п╦ п╫п╣
п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫я▀ п╡я▀п╨п╩я▌я┤п╟я┌я▄я│я▐ п╡ я│п╩я┐я┤п╟п╣, п╣я│п╩п╦ п╬п╫п╦ я─п╟п╫п╣п╣ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╩п╦я│я▄ п╫п╟ я└п╟п╧п╩п╬п╡п╬п╧ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╣, я┌п╟п╨ п╨п╟п╨
я█я┌п╬ я┐п╢п╟п╩п╦я┌ я│п©п╦я│п╨п╦ я┐п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п©п╬п╪ п╦ п╦п╥п╪п╣п╫п╦я┌ я┌п╬, п╨п╟п╨ п╥п╟я┴п╦я┴п╣п╫я▀ я└п╟п╧п╩я▀, п╫п╣п©я─п╣п╢я│п╨п╟п╥я┐п╣п╪я▀п╪
п╬п╠я─п╟п╥п╬п╪.

options          UFS_DIRHASH       # Improve performance on big directories

П╜я┌п╟ п╬п©я├п╦я▐ п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╟п╣я┌ я└я┐п╫п╨я├п╦п╬п╫п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬я│я┌я▄, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╟я▐ п©п╬п╡я▀я┬п╟п╣я┌ я│п╨п╬я─п╬я│я┌я▄ п╢п╦я│п╨п╬п╡я▀я┘ п╬п©п╣я─п╟я├п╦п╧ п╫п╟
п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╦я┘ п╨п╟я┌п╟п╩п╬пЁп╟я┘ п╡ п╬п╠п╪п╣п╫ п╫п╟ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣ п╢п╬п©п╬п╩п╫п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬п╧ п©п╟п╪я▐я┌п╦. п■п╩я▐ п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╬пЁп╬ я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─п╟
п╦п╩п╦ я─п╟п╠п╬я┤п╣п╧ я│я┌п╟п╫я├п╦п╦ я─п╣п╨п╬п╪п╣п╫п╢я┐п╣я┌я│я▐ п╬я│я┌п╟п╡п╦я┌я▄ п╣п╣ п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╣п╫п╫п╬п╧, п╦ п╡я▀п╨п╩я▌я┤п╦я┌я▄ п╢п╩я▐ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀, п╢п╩я▐
п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╬п╧ п╠п╬п╩п╣п╣ п©я─п╦п╬я─п╦я┌п╣я┌п╫п╟ п©п╟п╪я▐я┌я▄, я┤п╣п╪ я│п╨п╬я─п╬я│я┌я▄ п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п©п╟ п╨ п╢п╦я│п╨п╟п╪, п╫п╟п©я─п╦п╪п╣я─ п╢п╩я▐
п╠я─п╟п╫п╢п╪п╟я┐я█я─п╟.

options          MD_ROOT           # MD is a potential root device

П╜я┌п╬я┌ п©п╟я─п╟п╪п╣я┌я─ п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╟п╣я┌ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨я┐ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╢п╦я│п╨п╬п╡ п╡ п©п╟п╪я▐я┌п╦ п╢п╩я▐ п╨п╬я─п╫п╣п╡п╬п╧ я└п╟п╧п╩п╬п╡п╬п╧
я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀.

options          NFSCLIENT         # Network Filesystem Client
options          NFSSERVER         # Network Filesystem Server
options          NFS_ROOT          # NFS usable as /, requires NFSCLIENT

П║п╣я┌п╣п╡п╟я▐ я└п╟п╧п╩п╬п╡п╟я▐ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╟. п∙я│п╩п╦ п╡я▀ п╫п╣ п©п╩п╟п╫п╦я─я┐п╣я┌п╣ п╪п╬п╫я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ я─п╟п╥п╢п╣п╩я▀ я│ я└п╟п╧п╩п╬п╡п╬пЁп╬
я│п╣я─п╡п╣я─п╟ UNIX я┤п╣я─п╣п╥ TCP/IP, п╡я▀ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌п╣ п╦я│п╨п╩я▌я┤п╦я┌я▄ я█я┌п╬я┌
п©п╟я─п╟п╪п╣я┌я─ п╦п╥ п╨п╬п╫я└п╦пЁя┐я─п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫п╬пЁп╬ я└п╟п╧п╩п╟ я▐п╢я─п╟.

options          MSDOSFS           # MSDOS Filesystem

П╓п╟п╧п╩п╬п╡п╟я▐ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╟ MS-DOS. п∙я│п╩п╦ п╡я▀ п╫п╣ я│п╬п╠п╦я─п╟п╣я┌п╣я│я▄
п╪п╬п╫я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ я└п╬я─п╪п╟я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╫я▀п╧ п╡ DOS я─п╟п╥п╢п╣п╩ п╤п╣я│я┌п╨п╬пЁп╬ п╢п╦я│п╨п╟ п╡ п╪п╬п╪п╣п╫я┌ п╥п╟пЁя─я┐п╥п╨п╦, п╡я▀ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌п╣
п╠п╣п╥п╬п©п╟я│п╫п╬ п╥п╟п╨п╬п╪п╪п╣п╫я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ я█я┌п╬я┌ п©п╟я─п╟п╪п╣я┌я─. п²п╣п╬п╠я┘п╬п╢п╦п╪я▀п╧ п╪п╬п╢я┐п╩я▄ п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌ п╟п╡я┌п╬п╪п╟я┌п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╦
п╥п╟пЁя─я┐п╤п╣п╫, п╨п╬пЁп╢п╟ п╡я▀ п╡ п©п╣я─п╡я▀п╧ я─п╟п╥ я│п╪п╬п╫я┌п╦я─я┐п╣я┌п╣ я─п╟п╥п╢п╣п╩ DOS, я┌п╟п╨, п╨п╟п╨ я█я┌п╬ п╬п©п╦я│п╟п╫п╬ п╫п╦п╤п╣. п я─п╬п╪п╣
я┌п╬пЁп╬, п╥п╟п╪п╣я┤п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫я▀п╧ п©п╟п╨п╣я┌ emulators/mtools п©п╬п╥п╡п╬п╩я▐п╣я┌ п©п╬п╩я┐я┤п╦я┌я▄ п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п© п╨ DOS п╢п╦я│п╨п╣я┌п╟п╪ п╠п╣п╥
п╫п╣п╬п╠я┘п╬п╢п╦п╪п╬я│я┌п╦ п╪п╬п╫я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ п╦ я─п╟п╥п╪п╬п╫я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ п╦я┘ (п╦ п╫п╣ я┌я─п╣п╠я┐п╣я┌ п╫п╟п╩п╦я┤п╦я▐ MSDOSFS).

options          CD9660            # ISO 9660 Filesystem

П╓п╟п╧п╩п╬п╡п╟я▐ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╟ ISO 9660 п╢п╩я▐ п╨п╬п╪п©п╟п╨я┌-п╢п╦я│п╨п╬п╡. п∙я│п╩п╦ я┐ п╡п╟я│ п╫п╣я┌ п©я─п╦п╡п╬п╢п╟ CDROM п╦п╩п╦ п╡я▀
п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌п╣ п╩п╦я┬я▄ п╦п╥я─п╣п╢п╨п╟ п╪п╬п╫я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ п╨п╬п╪п©п╟п╨я┌-п╢п╦я│п╨п╦ я│ п╢п╟п╫п╫я▀п╪п╦, п╥п╟п╨п╬п╪п╪п╣п╫я┌п╦я─я┐п╧я┌п╣ я█я┌я┐ я│я┌я─п╬п╨я┐, я┌п╟п╨
п╨п╟п╨ п╫п╣п╬п╠я┘п╬п╢п╦п╪я▀п╧ п╪п╬п╢я┐п╩я▄ п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌ п╥п╟пЁя─я┐п╤п╣п╫ п╟п╡я┌п╬п╪п╟я┌п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╦ п©я─п╦ п©п╣я─п╡п╬п╪ п╪п╬п╫я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╦ п╨п╬п╪п©п╟п╨я┌-п╢п╦я│п╨п╟
я│ п╢п╟п╫п╫я▀п╪п╦. п■п╩я▐ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╥п╡я┐п╨п╬п╡я▀я┘ п╨п╬п╪п©п╟п╨я┌-п╢п╦я│п╨п╬п╡ я█я┌п╟ я└п╟п╧п╩п╬п╡п╟я▐ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╟ п╫п╣
п©п╬я┌я─п╣п╠я┐п╣я┌я│я▐.

options          PROCFS            # Process filesystem (requires PSEUDOFS)

П╓п╟п╧п╩п╬п╡п╟я▐ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╟ п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│п╬п╡. п╜я┌п╬ ''п╡п╦я─я┌я┐п╟п╩я▄п╫п╟я▐'' я└п╟п╧п╩п╬п╡п╟я▐ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╟ п╪п╬п╫я┌п╦я─я┐п╣п╪п╟я▐ п╡ /proc, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╟я▐ п©п╬п╥п╡п╬п╩я▐п╣я┌ я┌п╟п╨п╦п╪ п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦я▐п╪, п╨п╟п╨ ps(1) п╡я▀п╢п╟п╡п╟я┌я▄ п╡п╟п╪
п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╣ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╦ п╬ п╥п╟п©я┐я┴п╣п╫п╫я▀я┘ п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│п╟я┘. п≤я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣ PROCFS
п╫п╣ я┌я─п╣п╠я┐п╣я┌я│я▐, я┌п╟п╨ п╨п╟п╨ п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╦п╫я│я┌п╡п╬ п╪п╬п╫п╦я┌п╬я─п╦п╫пЁп╬п╡я▀я┘ п╦ п╬я┌п╩п╟п╢п╬я┤п╫я▀я┘ п╦п╫я│я┌я─я┐п╪п╣п╫я┌п╬п╡ п╠я▀п╩п╬
п╟п╢п╟п©я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╬ п╢п╩я▐ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я▀ п╠п╣п╥ PROCFS: я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╟ п©п╬ я┐п╪п╬п╩я┤п╟п╫п╦я▌ п╫п╣
п╪п╬п╫я┌п╦я─я┐п╣я┌ я└п╟п╧п╩п╬п╡я┐я▌ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я┐ п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│п╬п╡.

options          PSEUDOFS          # Pseudo-filesystem framework

П╞п╢я─п╟ 6.X, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐я▌я┌ PROCFS, п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫я▀ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╟я┌я▄
п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨я┐ PSEUDOFS,

options          GEOM_GPT          # GUID Partition Tables.

П╜я┌п╬я┌ п©п╟я─п╟п╪п╣я┌я─ п╢п╣п╩п╟п╣я┌ п╡п╬п╥п╪п╬п╤п╫я▀п╪ п╫п╟п╩п╦я┤п╦п╣ п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╬пЁп╬ п╨п╬п╩п╦я┤п╣я│я┌п╡п╟ я─п╟п╥п╢п╣п╩п╬п╡ п╫п╟ п╬п╢п╫п╬п╪
п╢п╦я│п╨п╣.

options          COMPAT_43         # Compatible with BSD 4.3 [KEEP THIS!]

П║п╬п╡п╪п╣я│я┌п╦п╪п╬я│я┌я▄ я│ 4.3BSD. п²п╣ п╡я▀п╨п╩я▌я┤п╟п╧я┌п╣ я█я┌я┐ п╬п©я├п╦я▌; п╫п╣п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╠я┐п╢я┐я┌ п╡п╣я│я┌п╦ я│п╣п╠я▐
я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╫п╬, п╣я│п╩п╦ я█я┌п╬п╧ п╬п©я├п╦п╦ п╫п╣ п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌ п╡ я▐п╢я─п╣.

options          COMPAT_FREEBSD4   # Compatible with FreeBSD4

П╜я┌п╟ п╬п©я├п╦я▐ я┌я─п╣п╠я┐п╣я┌я│я▐ п╡ FreeBSD 5.X п╢п╩я▐ п©п╩п╟я┌я└п╬я─п╪ i386 п╦ Alpha п╢п╩я▐ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╦ п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦п╧, я│п╬п╠я─п╟п╫п╫я▀я┘ п╫п╟ п╠п╬п╩п╣п╣ я│я┌п╟я─я▀я┘
п╡п╣я─я│п╦я▐я┘ FreeBSD, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐я▌я┌ я│я┌п╟я─я▀п╣ п╦п╫я┌п╣я─я└п╣п╧я│я▀ п╡я▀п╥п╬п╡п╬п╡. п═п╣п╨п╬п╪п╣п╫п╢я┐п╣я┌я│я▐ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄
п╢п╟п╫п╫я┐я▌ п╬п©я├п╦я▌ п╫п╟ п╡я│п╣я┘ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╟я┘ п╫п╟ п©п╩п╟я┌я└п╬я─п╪п╟я┘ i386 п╦ Alpha,
п╫п╟ п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀я┘ п╪п╬пЁя┐я┌ п╥п╟п©я┐я│п╨п╟я┌я▄я│я▐ я│я┌п╟я─я▀п╣ п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦я▐; п©п╩п╟я┌я└п╬я─п╪я▀, п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╟ п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀я┘ п©п╬я▐п╡п╦п╩п╟я│я▄
я┌п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ п╡ FreeBSD 5.X, п╫п╟п©я─п╦п╪п╣я─ ia64 п╦ Sparc64, п╫п╣
я┌я─п╣п╠я┐я▌я┌ я█я┌п╬п╧ п╬п©я├п╦п╦.

options          SCSI_DELAY=5000  # Delay (in ms) before probing SCSI

П╜я┌п╬я┌ п©п╟я─п╟п╪п╣я┌я─ п╥п╟я│я┌п╟п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌ я▐п╢я─п╬ п©я─п╦п╬я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╦я┌я▄я│я▐ п╫п╟ 5 я│п╣п╨я┐п╫п╢ п©п╣я─п╣п╢ я┌п╣п╪, п╨п╟п╨
п╦п╢п╣п╫я┌п╦я└п╦я├п╦я─п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ п╨п╟п╤п╢п╬п╣ я┐я│я┌я─п╬п╧я│я┌п╡п╬ SCSI п╡ п╡п╟я┬п╣п╧ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╣. п∙я│п╩п╦ я┐ п╡п╟я│ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╩п╣п╫я▀ я┌п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬
п╤п╣я│я┌п╨п╦п╣ п╢п╦я│п╨п╦ IDE, п╡я▀ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌п╣ п╦пЁп╫п╬я─п╦я─п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ я█я┌я┐ п╬п©я├п╦я▌, п╡ п©я─п╬я┌п╦п╡п╫п╬п╪ я│п╩я┐я┤п╟п╣, п╡п╬п╥п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬, п╡я▀
п╥п╟я┘п╬я┌п╦я┌п╣ я┐п╪п╣п╫я▄я┬п╦я┌я▄ я█я┌п╬ я┤п╦я│п╩п╬, п╢п╩я▐ я┌п╬пЁп╬ я┤я┌п╬п╠я▀ я┐я│п╨п╬я─п╦я┌я▄ п╥п╟пЁя─я┐п╥п╨я┐. п∙я│я┌п╣я│я┌п╡п╣п╫п╫п╬, п╣я│п╩п╦ п╡я▀
я│п╢п╣п╩п╟п╣я┌п╣ я█я┌п╬, п╟ я┐ FreeBSD п©п╬я▐п╡я▐я┌я│я▐ п©я─п╬п╠п╩п╣п╪я▀ я│ я─п╟я│п©п╬п╥п╫п╟п╫п╦п╣п╪ п╡п╟я┬п╦я┘ я┐я│я┌я─п╬п╧я│я┌п╡ SCSI,
п╫п╣п╬п╠я┘п╬п╢п╦п╪п╬ п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌ я┐п╡п╣п╩п╦я┤п╦я┌я▄ я█я┌п╬я┌ п©п╟я─п╟п╪п╣я┌я─.

options          KTRACE            # ktrace(1) support

П▓п╨п╩я▌я┤п╟п╣я┌ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨я┐ я┌я─п╟я│я│п╦я─п╬п╡п╨п╦ п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│п╬п╡, я┤я┌п╬ я┐п╢п╬п╠п╫п╬ п©я─п╦ п╬я┌п╩п╟п╢п╨п╣.

options          SYSVSHM           # SYSV-style shared memory

П╜я┌п╬я┌ п©п╟я─п╟п╪п╣я┌я─ п©я─п╣п╢п╬я│я┌п╟п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨я┐ я─п╟п╥п╢п╣п╩я▐п╣п╪п╬п╧ п©п╟п╪я▐я┌п╦ System V. п²п╟п╦п╠п╬п╩п╣п╣
я─п╟я│п©я─п╬я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╣п╫п╫п╬п╣ п©я─п╦п╪п╣п╫п╣п╫п╦п╣ я█я┌п╬пЁп╬ -- я─п╟я│я┬п╦я─п╣п╫п╦п╣ XSHM п╡ X, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╬п╣ п╪п╫п╬пЁп╦п╣ п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦я▐,
п╦п╫я┌п╣п╫я│п╦п╡п╫п╬ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟я▌я┴п╦п╣ я│ пЁя─п╟я└п╦п╨п╬п╧, п╠я┐п╢я┐я┌ п╟п╡я┌п╬п╪п╟я┌п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╦ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ п╢п╩я▐ п©п╬п╡я▀я┬п╣п╫п╦я▐ я│п╨п╬я─п╬я│я┌п╦
я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я▀. п∙я│п╩п╦ п╡я▀ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐п╣я┌п╣ X, я█я┌п╟ п╬п©я├п╦я▐ п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌ п╫п╣п╬п╠я┘п╬п╢п╦п╪п╟.

options          SYSVMSG           # SYSV-style message queues

П÷п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╟ я│п╬п╬п╠я┴п╣п╫п╦п╧ System V. п╜я┌п╬я┌ п©п╟я─п╟п╪п╣я┌я─ п╢п╬п╠п╟п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌ п╡ я▐п╢я─п╬ п╡я│п╣пЁп╬ п╩п╦я┬я▄ п╫п╣я│п╨п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬
я│п╬я┌п╣п╫ п╠п╟п╧я┌.

options          SYSVSEM           # SYSV-style semaphores

П÷п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╟ я│п╣п╪п╟я└п╬я─п╬п╡ System V. п²п╣ п╫п╟я│я┌п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ я┤п╟я│я┌п╬ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐п╣п╪п╟я▐ п╡п╬п╥п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬я│я┌я▄, п╫п╬ п╡
я▐п╢я─п╬ п╢п╬п╠п╟п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌ п╡я│п╣пЁп╬ п╫п╣я│п╨п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ я│п╬я┌п╣п╫ п╠п╟п╧я┌.

П≈п╟п╪п╣я┤п╟п╫п╦п╣: п п╬п╪п╟п╫п╢п╟ ipcs(1) я│ п©п╟я─п╟п╪п╣я┌я─п╬п╪
-p п©п╬п╨п╟п╤п╣я┌ п╡я│п╣ п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│я▀, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐я▌я┌ п╩я▌п╠я┐я▌ п╦п╥ я█я┌п╦я┘
п╡п╬п╥п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬я│я┌п╣п╧ System V.

options         _KPOSIX_PRIORITY_SCHEDULING # POSIX P1003_1B real-time extensions

П═п╟я│я┬п╦я─п╣п╫п╦я▐ я─п╣п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╡я─п╣п╪п╣п╫п╦, п╢п╬п╠п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╫я▀п╣ 1993 POSIX®. п·п©я─п╣п╢п╣п╩п╣п╫п╫я▀п╣ п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╦п╥ п╨п╬п╩п╩п╣п╨я├п╦п╦ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐я▌я┌ п╦я┘,
п╫п╟п©я─п╦п╪п╣я─ StarOffice.

options          KBD_INSTALL_CDEV  # install a CDEV entry in /dev

П╜я┌п╬я┌ п©п╟я─п╟п╪п╣я┌я─ п╬я┌п╫п╬я│п╦я┌я│я▐ п╨ п╨п╩п╟п╡п╦п╟я┌я┐я─п╣. п·п╫ п╢п╬п╠п╟п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌ CDEV п╡ /dev.

options          AHC_REG_PRETTY_PRINT     # Print register bitfields in debug
                                          # output.  Adds ~128k to driver.
options          AHD_REG_PRETTY_PRINT     # Print register bitfields in debug
                                          # output.  Adds ~215k to driver.

П═п╟я│п©п╣я┤п╟я┌п╨п╟ я─п╣пЁп╦я│я┌я─п╬п╡ п╢п╩я▐ п╬п╠п╩п╣пЁя┤п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╬я┌п╩п╟п╢п╨п╦.

options          ADAPTIVE_GIANT    # Giant mutex is adaptive.

Giant -- п╦п╪я▐ п╪п╣я┘п╟п╫п╦п╥п╪п╟ п╥п╟я┴п╦я┌я▀ (''я│п©я▐я┴п╣пЁп╬'' п╪я▄я▌я┌п╣п╨я│п╟) п╢п╩я▐ п╨я─я┐п©п╫я▀я┘ п╫п╟п╠п╬я─п╬п╡ я─п╣я│я┐я─я│п╬п╡
я▐п╢я─п╟. п²п╟ п╫я▀п╫п╣я┬п╫п╦п╧ п╪п╬п╪п╣п╫я┌ Giant п©я─п╣п╢я│я┌п╟п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ я└п╟п╨я┌п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╦ п╫п╣п©я─п╦пЁп╬п╢п╫я▀п╪ п╢п╩я▐ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╡
я│п╡я▐п╥п╦ я│ я│п╣я─я▄п╣п╥п╫я▀п╪п╦ п©п╬я┌п╣я─я▐п╪п╦ п╡ п©я─п╬п╦п╥п╡п╬п╢п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬я│я┌п╦, п╦ п╟п╨я┌п╦п╡п╫п╬ п╥п╟п╪п╣п╫я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ п╫п╟ п╪п╣я┘п╟п╫п╦п╥п╪я▀,
п╥п╟я┴п╦я┴п╟я▌я┴п╦п╣ п╬я┌п╢п╣п╩я▄п╫я▀п╣ я─п╣я│я┐я─я│я▀ я▐п╢я─п╟. п÷п╟я─п╟п╪п╣я┌я─ ADAPTIVE_GIANT
п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╟п╣я┌ Giant п╡ я┤п╦я│п╩п╬ п╟п╢п╟п©я┌п╦п╡п╫я▀я┘ п╪я▄я▌я┌п╣п╨я│п╬п╡: п╡ я│п╩я┐я┤п╟п╣, п╨п╬пЁп╢п╟ п╫п╦я┌я▄ я▐п╢я─п╟ п╫я┐п╤п╢п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ п╡ Giant,
п╟ п╬п╫ я┐п╤п╣ п╥п╟я┘п╡п╟я┤п╣п╫ п╫п╦я┌я▄я▌, п╡я▀п©п╬п╩п╫я▐я▌я┴п╣п╧я│я▐ п╫п╟ п╢я─я┐пЁп╬п╪ п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│п╬я─п╣, п©п╣я─п╡п╟я▐ п╫п╦я┌я▄ п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌ п©я─п╬п╢п╬п╩п╤п╟я┌я▄
п╡я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╦ п╤п╢п╟я┌я▄ п╬я│п╡п╬п╠п╬п╤п╢п╣п╫п╦я▐ Giant. п▓ п╫п╬я─п╪п╣ п╫п╦я┌я▄ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫п╟ п╠я▀п╩п╟ п╠я▀ я┐я│п╫я┐я┌я▄, п©п╬п╨п╟ п╫п╣
п╫п╟я│я┌п╟п╫п╣я┌ п╬я┤п╣я─п╣п╢п╫п╬п╧ п╪п╬п╪п╣п╫я┌ п╣п╣ п╡я▀п©п╬п╩п╫п╣п╫п╦я▐. п∙я│п╩п╦ п╡я▀ п╫п╣ я┐п╡п╣я─п╣п╫я▀, п╬я│я┌п╟п╡я▄я┌п╣ я█я┌п╬я┌ п©п╟я─п╟п╪п╣я┌я─ п╡
п©п╬п╨п╬п╣.

device          apic               # I/O APIC

Пёя│я┌я─п╬п╧я│я┌п╡п╬ apic я─п╟п╥я─п╣я┬п╟п╣я┌ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣ п╫п╟п╠п╬я─п╟ I/O APIC п╢п╩я▐ я─п╟я│п©я─п╣п╢п╣п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ п©я─п╣я─я▀п╡п╟п╫п╦п╧.
п·п╫п╬ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ п╠я▀я┌я▄ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╬ п╨п╟п╨ я│ п╬п╢п╫п╬п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│п╬я─п╫я▀п╪п╦, я┌п╟п╨ п╦ я│ п╪п╫п╬пЁп╬п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│п╬я─п╫я▀п╪п╦ я▐п╢я─п╟п╪п╦
(п╢п╩я▐ п©п╬я│п╩п╣п╢п╫п╦я┘ п╫п╟п╩п╦я┤п╦п╣ apic я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ п╬п╠я▐п╥п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫я▀п╪). п■п╩я▐ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╦ п╪п╫п╬пЁп╬п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│п╬я─п╫п╬я│я┌п╦
п╢п╬п╠п╟п╡я▄я┌п╣ я│я┌я─п╬п╨я┐ options SMP.

device          eisa

П▓п╨п╩я▌я┤п╦я┌п╣ я█я┌я┐ п╬п©я├п╦я▌ п╣я│п╩п╦ я┐ п╡п╟я│ п╪п╟я┌п╣я─п╦п╫я│п╨п╟я▐ п©п╩п╟я┌п╟ EISA. п╜я┌п╬ п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╟п╣я┌ п╟п╡я┌п╬п╬п©я─п╣п╢п╣п╩п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╦
п╨п╬п╫я└п╦пЁя┐я─п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╦ п╡я│п╣я┘ я┐я│я┌я─п╬п╧я│я┌п╡ п╫п╟ я┬п╦п╫п╣ EISA.

device          pci

П▓п╨п╩я▌я┤п╦я┌п╣ я█я┌п╬я┌ п©п╟я─п╟п╪п╣я┌я─, п╣я│п╩п╦ я┐ п╡п╟я│ п╪п╟я┌п╣я─п╦п╫я│п╨п╟я▐ п©п╩п╟я┌п╟ я│ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╬п╧ PCI. п╜я┌п╬ п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╦я┌
п╟п╡я┌п╬п╬п©я─п╣п╢п╣п╩п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╨п╟я─я┌ PCI п╦ п©я─п╬п╨я│п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣ п╦п╥ я┬п╦п╫я▀ PCI п╡ я┬п╦п╫я┐ ISA.

# Floppy drives
device          fdc

П п╬п╫я┌я─п╬п╩п╩п╣я─ я└п╩п╬п©п©п╦-п╢п╦я│п╨п╟.

# ATA and ATAPI devices
device          ata

П╜я┌п╬я┌ п╢я─п╟п╧п╡п╣я─ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╡п╟п╣я┌ п╡я│п╣ я┐я│я┌я─п╬п╧я│я┌п╡п╟ ATA п╦ ATAPI. п▓п╟п╪ п╫п╣п╬п╠я┘п╬п╢п╦п╪п╟ я┌п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ п╬п╢п╫п╟
я│я┌я─п╬п╨п╟ device ata п╡ я▐п╢я─п╣ п╢п╩я▐ я┌п╬пЁп╬, я┤я┌п╬п╠я▀ п╬п╠п╫п╟я─я┐п╤п╦я┌я▄ п╡я│п╣ PCI
я┐я│я┌я─п╬п╧я│я┌п╡п╟ ATA/ATAPI п╡ я│п╬п╡я─п╣п╪п╣п╫п╫я▀я┘ п╪п╟я┬п╦п╫п╟я┘.

device          atadisk                 # ATA disk drives

П╜я┌п╟ я│я┌я─п╬п╨п╟ п╫п╣п╬п╠я┘п╬п╢п╦п╪п╟ п╡п╪п╣я│я┌п╣ я│ device ata п╢п╩я▐ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╦
п╢п╦я│п╨п╬п╡ ATA.

device          ataraid                 # ATA RAID drives

П╜я┌п╟ я│я┌я─п╬п╨п╟ п╫п╣п╬п╠я┘п╬п╢п╦п╪п╟ п╡п╪п╣я│я┌п╣ я│ device ata п╢п╩я▐ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╦
п╢п╦я│п╨п╬п╡ ATA RAID.

device          atapicd                 # ATAPI CDROM drives

П÷п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╟ п©я─п╦п╡п╬п╢п╬п╡ ATAPI CDROM. п≤я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐п╣я┌я│я▐ п╡п╪п╣я│я┌п╣ я│ device
ata.

device          atapifd                 # ATAPI floppy drives

П÷п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╟ я└п╩п╬п©п©п╦-п©я─п╦п╡п╬п╢п╬п╡ ATAPI. п≤я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐п╣я┌я│я▐ п╡п╪п╣я│я┌п╣ я│ device
ata.

device          atapist                 # ATAPI tape drives

П÷п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╟ п╩п╣п╫я┌п╬я┤п╫я▀я┘ п©я─п╦п╡п╬п╢п╬п╡ ATAPI (я│я┌я─п╦п╪п╣я─п╬п╡). п≤я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐п╣я┌я│я▐ п╡п╪п╣я│я┌п╣ я│ device ata.

options         ATA_STATIC_ID           # Static device numbering

П≈п╟я│я┌п╟п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌ п╢я─п╟п╧п╡п╣я─ п╫я┐п╪п╣я─п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ я┐я│я┌я─п╬п╧я│я┌п╡п╟ я│я┌п╟я┌п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╦; п╡ п©я─п╬я┌п╦п╡п╫п╬п╪ я│п╩я┐я┤п╟п╣ п©я─п╬п╦я│я┘п╬п╢п╦я┌
п╢п╦п╫п╟п╪п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╟я▐ п╫я┐п╪п╣я─п╟я├п╦я▐.

# SCSI Controllers
device          ahb        # EISA AHA1742 family
device          ahc        # AHA2940 and onboard AIC7xxx devices
device          ahd        # AHA39320/29320 and onboard AIC79xx devices
device          amd        # AMD 53C974 (Teckram DC-390(T))
device          isp        # Qlogic family
#device         ispfw      # Firmware for QLogic HBAs- normally a module
device          mpt        # LSI-Logic MPT-Fusion
#device         ncr        # NCR/Symbios Logic
device          sym        # NCR/Symbios Logic (newer chipsets)
device          trm        # Tekram DC395U/UW/F DC315U adapters

device          adv        # Advansys SCSI adapters
device          adw        # Advansys wide SCSI adapters
device          aha        # Adaptec 154x SCSI adapters
device          aic        # Adaptec 15[012]x SCSI adapters, AIC-6[23]60.
device          bt         # Buslogic/Mylex MultiMaster SCSI adapters

device          ncv        # NCR 53C500
device          nsp        # Workbit Ninja SCSI-3
device          stg        # TMC 18C30/18C50

П п╬п╫я┌я─п╬п╩п╩п╣я─я▀ SCSI. п≈п╟п╨п╬п╪п╪п╣п╫я┌п╦я─я┐п╧я┌п╣ я┌п╣, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀я┘ я┐ п╡п╟я│ п╡ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╣ п╫п╣я┌. п∙я│п╩п╦ я┐ п╡п╟я│ п╡
я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╣ п╦я│п╨п╩я▌я┤п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬ IDE я┐я│я┌я─п╬п╧я│я┌п╡п╟, п╡я▀ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌п╣ я┐п╢п╟п╩п╦я┌я▄ п╡я│п╣ я█я┌п╦ я│я┌я─п╬п╨п╦.

# SCSI peripherals
device          scbus      # SCSI bus (required for SCSI)
device          ch         # SCSI media changers
device          da         # Direct Access (disks)
device          sa         # Sequential Access (tape etc)
device          cd         # CD
device          pass       # Passthrough device (direct SCSI access)
device          ses        # SCSI Environmental Services (and SAF-TE)

П÷п╣я─п╦я└п╣я─п╦п╧п╫я▀п╣ я┐я│я┌я─п╬п╧я│я┌п╡п╟ SCSI. п·п©я▐я┌я▄-я┌п╟п╨п╦, п╥п╟п╨п╬п╪п╪п╣п╫я┌п╦я─я┐п╧я┌п╣ я┌п╣, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀я┘ я┐ п╡п╟я│ п╡ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╣
п╫п╣я┌, п╦п╩п╦, п╣я│п╩п╦ я┐ п╡п╟я│ п╡ п╫п╟п╩п╦я┤п╦п╦ п╦я│п╨п╩я▌я┤п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬ IDE, п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌п╣ я┐п╢п╟п╩п╦я┌я▄ п╡я│п╣.

П≈п╟п╪п╣я┤п╟п╫п╦п╣: USB umass(4) п╢я─п╟п╧п╡п╣я─ (п╦
п╫п╣п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п╢я─я┐пЁп╦п╣ п╢я─п╟п╧п╡п╣я─я▀) п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐я▌я┌ п©п╬п╢я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я┐ SCSI, я┘п╬я┌я▐ п╦ п╫п╣ я▐п╡п╩я▐я▌я┌я│я▐ п╫п╟я│я┌п╬я▐я┴п╦п╪п╦ SCSI
я┐я│я┌я─п╬п╧я│я┌п╡п╟п╪п╦. п║п╩п╣п╢п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬, п╡п╟п╪ п╫п╣п╬п╠я┘п╬п╢п╦п╪п╬ я│п╬я┘я─п╟п╫п╦я┌я▄ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨я┐ SCSI, п╣я│п╩п╦ п╨п╟п╨п╬п╧-п╩п╦п╠п╬ п╦п╥
я█я┌п╦я┘ п╢я─п╟п╧п╡п╣я─п╬п╡ п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╣п╫ п╡ п╨п╬п╫я└п╦пЁя┐я─п╟я├п╦я▌ я▐п╢я─п╟.

# RAID controllers interfaced to the SCSI subsystem
device          amr        # AMI MegaRAID
device      arcmsr     # Areca SATA II RAID
device          asr        # DPT SmartRAID V, VI and Adaptec SCSI RAID
device          ciss       # Compaq Smart RAID 5*
device          dpt        # DPT Smartcache III, IV - See NOTES for options
device          hptmv      # Highpoint RocketRAID 182x
device          rr232x     # Highpoint RocketRAID 232x
device          iir        # Intel Integrated RAID
device          ips        # IBM (Adaptec) ServeRAID
device          mly        # Mylex AcceleRAID/eXtremeRAID
device          twa        # 3ware 9000 series PATA/SATA RAID

# RAID controllers
device          aac        # Adaptec FSA RAID
device          aacp       # SCSI passthrough for aac (requires CAM)
device          ida        # Compaq Smart RAID
device          mfi        # LSI MegaRAID SAS
device          mlx        # Mylex DAC960 family
device          pst        # Promise Supertrak SX6000
device          twe        # 3ware ATA RAID

П÷п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╡п╟п╣п╪я▀п╣ RAID-п╨п╬п╫я┌я─п╬п╩п╩п╣я─я▀. п∙я│п╩п╦ я┐ п╡п╟я│ п╫п╣я┌ я┌п╟п╨п╬п╡я▀я┘, п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌п╣ п╦я┘ п╥п╟п╨п╬п╪п╪п╣п╫я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄
п╦п╩п╦ я┐п╢п╟п╩п╦я┌я▄ я█я┌п╦ я│я┌я─п╬п╨п╦.

# atkbdc0 controls both the keyboard and the PS/2 mouse
device          atkbdc     # AT keyboard controller

П п╬п╫я┌я─п╬п╩п╩п╣я─ п╨п╩п╟п╡п╦п╟я┌я┐я─я▀ (atkbdc) п©я─п╣п╢п╬я│я┌п╟п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌ я│я─п╣п╢я│я┌п╡п╟
п╡п╡п╬п╢п╟/п╡я▀п╡п╬п╢п╟ п╢п╩я▐ п╨п╩п╟п╡п╦п╟я┌я┐я─я▀ AT п╦ PS/2 я┐я│я┌я─п╬п╧я│я┌п╡. п╜я┌п╬я┌ п╨п╬п╫я┌я─п╬п╩п╩п╣я─ п╫п╣п╬п╠я┘п╬п╢п╦п╪ п╢я─п╟п╧п╡п╣я─я┐
п╨п╩п╟п╡п╦п╟я┌я┐я─я▀ (atkbd) п╦ PS/2 я┐я│я┌я─п╬п╧я│я┌п╡ (psm).

device          atkbd      # AT keyboard

П■я─п╟п╧п╡п╣я─ atkbd п╡п╪п╣я│я┌п╣ я│ п╨п╬п╫я┌я─п╬п╩п╩п╣я─п╬п╪ atkbdc п©я─п╣п╢п╬я│я┌п╟п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌ п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п© п╨ п╨п╩п╟п╡п╦п╟я┌я┐я─п╣ AT 84 п╦п╩п╦ я┐п╩я┐я┤я┬п╣п╫п╫п╬п╧
п╨п╩п╟п╡п╦п╟я┌я┐я─п╣ AT, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╟я▐ п©п╬п╢п╨п╩я▌я┤п╣п╫п╟ п╨ п╨п╬п╫я┌я─п╬п╩п╩п╣я─я┐ AT п╨п╩п╟п╡п╦п╟я┌я┐я─я▀.

device          psm        # PS/2 mouse

П≤я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐п╧я┌п╣ я█я┌п╬ я┐я│я┌я─п╬п╧я│я┌п╡п╬, п╣я│п╩п╦ п╡п╟я┬п╟ п╪я▀я┬я▄ п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ п╡ п©п╬я─я┌ PS/2.

device          kbdmux        # keyboard multiplexer

П÷п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╟ п╪я┐п╩я▄я┌п╦п©п╩п╣п╨я│п╬я─п╟ п╨п╩п╟п╡п╦п╟я┌я┐я─.

device          vga        # VGA video card driver

П■я─п╟п╧п╡п╣я─ п╡п╦п╢п╣п╬п╨п╟я─я┌я▀.

device          splash     # Splash screen and screen saver support

П≈п╟я│я┌п╟п╡п╨п╟ п©я─п╦ п╥п╟пЁя─я┐п╥п╨п╣. п╔я─п╟п╫п╦я┌п╣п╩п╦ я█п╨я─п╟п╫п╟ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ я┌я─п╣п╠я┐я▌я┌ я█я┌п╬пЁп╬ я┐я│я┌я─п╬п╧я│я┌п╡п╟.

# syscons is the default console driver, resembling an SCO console
device          sc

sc -- я█я┌п╬ п╢я─п╟п╧п╡п╣я─ п╨п╬п╫я│п╬п╩п╦ п©п╬ я┐п╪п╬п╩я┤п╟п╫п╦я▌, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╧ п╦п╪п╦я┌п╦я─я┐п╣я┌
п╨п╬п╫я│п╬п╩я▄ SCO. п╒п╟п╨ п╨п╟п╨ п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╟я▐ я┤п╟я│я┌я▄ п╨п╬п╫я│п╬п╩я▄п╫я▀я┘ п©п╬п╩п╫п╬я█п╨я─п╟п╫п╫я▀я┘ п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦п╧ п╬п╠я─п╟я┴п╟я▌я┌я│я▐ п╨
п╨п╬п╫я│п╬п╩п╦ я┤п╣я─п╣п╥ я┌п╣я─п╪п╦п╫п╟п╩я▄п╫я┐я▌ п╠п╦п╠п╩п╦п╬я┌п╣п╨я┐ termcap, п╡п╟я│ п╫п╣ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫п╬
п╡п╬п╩п╫п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄, п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌п╣ п╩п╦ п╡я▀ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ я█я┌п╬я┌ п╢я─п╟п╧п╡п╣я─, п╩п╦п╠п╬ п╢я─п╟п╧п╡п╣я─ vt, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╧ я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ VT220-я│п╬п╡п╪п╣я│я┌п╦п╪я▀п╪
п╢я─п╟п╧п╡п╣я─п╬п╪ п╨п╬п╫я│п╬п╩п╦. п∙я│п╩п╦ я┐ п╡п╟я│ п╡п╬п╥п╫п╦п╨п╫я┐я┌ п╨п╟п╨п╦п╣-п╩п╦п╠п╬ п©я─п╬п╠п╩п╣п╪я▀ я│ п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦я▐п╪п╦, я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟я▌я┴п╦п╪п╦ я│
я█я┌п╦п╪ п╢я─п╟п╧п╡п╣я─п╬п╪ п╨п╬п╫я│п╬п╩п╦, я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╦я┌п╣ п©п╣я─п╣п╪п╣п╫п╫я┐я▌ п╬п╨я─я┐п╤п╣п╫п╦я▐ TERM п╡
п╥п╫п╟я┤п╣п╫п╦п╣ scoansi.

# Enable this for the pcvt (VT220 compatible) console driver
#device          vt
#options         XSERVER          # support for X server on a vt console
#options         FAT_CURSOR       # start with block cursor

VT220-я│п╬п╡п╪п╣я│я┌п╦п╪я▀п╧ п╢я─п╟п╧п╡п╣я─ п╨п╬п╫я│п╬п╩п╦, п╬п╠я─п╟я┌п╫п╬ я│п╬п╡п╪п╣я│я┌п╦п╪я▀п╧ я│ VT100/102. п·п╫ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟п╣я┌ п╩я┐я┤я┬п╣
п╫п╟ п╫п╣п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀я┘ п╩я█п©я┌п╬п©п╟я┘, я┐ п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀я┘ п╡п╬п╥п╫п╦п╨п╟я▌я┌ п©я─п╬п╠п╩п╣п╪я▀ п╫п╣я│п╬п╡п╪п╣я│я┌п╦п╪п╬я│я┌п╦ я│ sc. п╒п╟п╨п╤п╣, я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╦я┌п╣ п©п╣я─п╣п╪п╣п╫п╫я┐я▌ п╬п╨я─я┐п╤п╣п╫п╦я▐ TERM п╡ п╥п╫п╟я┤п╣п╫п╦п╣ vt100 п╦п╩п╦ vt220. п╜я┌п╬я┌ п╢я─п╟п╧п╡п╣я─ я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ п╠я▀я┌я▄ п©п╬п╩п╣п╥п╣п╫ п╡ я│п╩я┐я┤п╟я▐я┘ п©п╬п╢п╨п╩я▌я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╨
п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╬п╪я┐ п╨п╬п╩п╦я┤п╣я│я┌п╡я┐ я─п╟п╥п╩п╦я┤п╫я▀я┘ п╪п╟я┬п╦п╫ я┤п╣я─п╣п╥ я│п╣я┌я▄, п╫п╟ п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀я┘ п©п╟я─п╟п╪п╣я┌я─я▀ п╢п╩я▐ я┐я│я┌я─п╬п╧я│я┌п╡п╟ sc п╢п╩я▐ termcap п╦п╩п╦ terminfo п╪п╬пЁя┐я┌ п╬я┌я│я┐я┌я│я┌п╡п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ -- vt100
п©я─п╦я│я┐я┌я│я┌п╡я┐п╣я┌ п©я─п╟п╨я┌п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╦ п╫п╟ п╩я▌п╠п╬п╧ п©п╩п╟я┌я└п╬я─п╪п╣.

device          agp

П▓п╨п╩я▌я┤п╦я┌п╣ я█я┌я┐ п╬п©я├п╦я▌, п╣я│п╩п╦ я┐ п╡п╟я│ п╣я│я┌я▄ AGP п╨п╟я─я┌п╟ п╡ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╣. п╜я┌п╬ п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╦я┌ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨я┐ AGP п╦
AGP GART п╢п╩я▐ я┌п╣я┘ п╨п╟я─я┌, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╡п╟я▌я┌ я█я┌я┐ п╡п╬п╥п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬я│я┌я▄.

# Power management support (see NOTES for more options)
#device          apm

П÷п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╟ Advanced Power Management. п╖п╟я┴п╣ п╡я│п╣пЁп╬ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐п╣я┌я│я▐ п╡ п╩я█п©я┌п╬п©п╟я┘, я┘п╬я┌я▐ п╡ я▐п╢я─п╣
GENERIC FreeBSD 5.X п╦ п╡я▀я┬п╣ п╬я┌п╨п╩я▌я┤п╣п╫п╟ п©п╬ я┐п╪п╬п╩я┤п╟п╫п╦я▌.

# Add suspend/resume support for the i8254.
device           pmtimer

Пёя│я┌я─п╬п╧я│я┌п╡п╬ я┌п╟п╧п╪п╣я─п╟ п╢п╩я▐ я┐п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ я█п╫п╣я─пЁп╬п©п╬я┌я─п╣п╠п╩п╣п╫п╦п╣п╪, APM п╦ ACPI.

# PCCARD (PCMCIA) support
# PCMCIA and cardbus bridge support
device          cbb               # cardbus (yenta) bridge
device          pccard            # PC Card (16-bit) bus
device          cardbus           # CardBus (32-bit) bus

П÷п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╟ PCMCIA. п▓п╨п╩я▌я┤п╦я┌п╣ п╣п╣, п╣я│п╩п╦ п╡я▀ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐п╣я┌п╣ п╩я█п©я┌п╬п©.

# Serial (COM) ports
device          sio               # 8250, 16[45]50 based serial ports

П╖п╣я┌я▀я─п╣ п©п╬я│п╩п╣п╢п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫я▀я┘ п©п╬я─я┌п╟, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п╦п╥п╡п╣я│я┌п╫я▀ п╨п╟п╨ COM
п©п╬я─я┌я▀ п╡ п╪п╦я─п╣ MS-DOS/Windows

П≈п╟п╪п╣я┤п╟п╫п╦п╣: п∙я│п╩п╦ я┐ п╡п╟я│ п╣я│я┌я▄ п╡п╫я┐я┌я─п╣п╫п╫п╦п╧ п╪п╬п╢п╣п╪ п╫п╟ COM4
п╦ п©п╬я│п╩п╣п╢п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫я▀п╧ п©п╬я─я┌ COM2, п╡п╟п╪ п©п╬п╫п╟п╢п╬п╠п╦я┌я│я▐ п©п╬п╪п╣п╫я▐я┌я▄ IRQ
п╪п╬п╢п╣п╪п╟ п╫п╟ 2 (п©п╬ п╫п╣п©п╬п╫я▐я┌п╫я▀п╪ я┌п╣я┘п╫п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╦п╪ п©я─п╦я┤п╦п╫п╟п╪ IRQ2 = IRQ9) п╢п╩я▐ я┌п╬пЁп╬, я┤я┌п╬п╠я▀ п©п╬п╩я┐я┤п╦я┌я▄ п╨
п╫п╣п╪я┐ п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п© п╦п╥ FreeBSD. п∙я│п╩п╦ я┐ п╡п╟я│ п╣я│я┌я▄ п╪п╫п╬пЁп╬п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡п╟я▐ п╨п╟я─я┌п╟ я│ п©п╬я│п╩п╣п╢п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫я▀п╪п╦ п©п╬я─я┌п╟п╪п╦,
п╬п╥п╫п╟п╨п╬п╪я▄я┌п╣я│я▄ я│ sio(4) я┤я┌п╬п╠я▀ я┐п╥п╫п╟я┌я▄
п╨п╬я─я─п╣п╨я┌п╫я▀п╣ п╥п╫п╟я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╢п╩я▐ п╢п╬п╠п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╡ /boot/device.hints.
п²п╣п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п╡п╦п╢п╣п╬п╨п╟я─я┌я▀ (п╡ я┤п╟я│я┌п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ я┌п╣, я┤я┌п╬ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐я▌я┌ я┤п╦п©я▀ S3) п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐я▌я┌ п╟п╢я─п╣я│п╟
п╡п╡п╬п╢п╟/п╡я▀п╡п╬п╢п╟ п╡ я└п╬я─п╪п╣ 0x*2e8 п╦, я┌п╟п╨ п╨п╟п╨ п╪п╫п╬пЁп╦п╣ п╢п╣я┬п╣п╡я▀п╣
п©п╬я│п╩п╣п╢п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫я▀п╣ п╨п╟я─я┌я▀ п╫п╣ п©п╬п╩п╫п╬я│я┌я▄я▌ я─п╟я│п╨п╬п╢п╦я─я┐я▌я┌ я┬п╣я│я┌п╫п╟п╢я├п╟я┌п╦п╠п╦я┌п╫п╬п╣ п©я─п╬я│я┌я─п╟п╫я│я┌п╡п╬ п╟п╢я─п╣я│п╬п╡
п╡п╡п╬п╢п╟/п╡я▀п╡п╬п╢п╟, п╬п╫п╦ п╨п╬п╫я└п╩п╦п╨я┌я┐я▌я┌ я│ я█я┌п╦п╪п╦ п╨п╟я─я┌п╟п╪п╦, п╡ п╦я┌п╬пЁп╣ COM4
п╬п╨п╟п╥я▀п╡п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ п©я─п╟п╨я┌п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╦ п╫п╣п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п©п╫я▀п╪.

П п╟п╤п╢я▀п╧ п©п╬я│п╩п╣п╢п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫я▀п╧ п©п╬я─я┌ я┌я─п╣п╠я┐п╣я┌ я┐п╫п╦п╨п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬пЁп╬ IRQ (п╨я─п╬п╪п╣ я┌п╣я┘ я│п╩я┐я┤п╟п╣п╡, п╨п╬пЁп╢п╟ п╡я▀
п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐п╣я┌п╣ п╪я┐п╩я▄я┌п╦п©п╬я─я┌п╬п╡я┐я▌ п╨п╟я─я┌я┐, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╟я▐ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╡п╟п╣я┌ я│п╬п╡п╪п╣я│я┌п╫п╬п╣ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣
п©я─п╣я─я▀п╡п╟п╫п╦п╧), п©п╬я█я┌п╬п╪я┐ п╥п╫п╟я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐ IRQ п©п╬ я┐п╪п╬п╩я┤п╟п╫п╦я▌ п╢п╩я▐ COM3 п╦ COM4 п╫п╣ п╪п╬пЁя┐я┌ п╠я▀я┌я▄ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫я▀.

# Parallel port
device          ppc

П≤п╫я┌п╣я─я└п╣п╧я│ п©п╟я─п╟п╩п╩п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬пЁп╬ п©п╬я─я┌п╟ п╫п╟ я┬п╦п╫п╣ ISA.

device          ppbus      # Parallel port bus (required)

П÷п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╟ я┬п╦п╫я▀ п©п╟я─п╟п╩п╩п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬пЁп╬ п©п╬я─я┌п╟.

device          lpt        # Printer

П÷п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╟ п©я─п╦п╫я┌п╣я─п╬п╡ п╫п╟ п©п╟я─п╟п╩п╩п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬п╪ п©п╬я─я┌я┐.

П≈п╟п╪п╣я┤п╟п╫п╦п╣: п▓я│п╣ я┌я─п╦ п©п╬я│п╩п╣п╢п╫п╦я┘ я┐я│я┌я─п╬п╧я│я┌п╡п╟ п╫п╣п╬п╠я┘п╬п╢п╦п╪я▀ п╢п╩я▐ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╟ п©я─п╦п╫я┌п╣я─п╬п╡ п╫п╟
п©п╟я─п╟п╩п╩п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬п╪ п©п╬я─я┌я┐.

device          plip       # TCP/IP over parallel

П■я─п╟п╧п╡п╣я─ TCP/IP я┤п╣я─п╣п╥ п©п╟я─п╟п╩п╩п╣п╩я▄п╫я▀п╧ п©п╬я─я┌.

device          ppi        # Parallel port interface device

П÷п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╟ п╡п╡п╬п╢п╟/п╡я▀п╡п╬п╢п╟ п╬п╠я┴п╣пЁп╬ п╫п╟п╥п╫п╟я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐ (''geek port'') + IEEE1284 п╡п╡п╬п╢п╟/п╡я▀п╡п╬п╢п╟.

#device         vpo        # Requires scbus and da

П■я─п╟п╧п╡п╣я─ п©я─п╦п╡п╬п╢п╟ Iomega Zip. п╒я─п╣п╠я┐п╣я┌ п╫п╟п╩п╦я┤п╦я▐ scbus п╦ da. п²п╟п╦п╩я┐я┤я┬п╟я▐ п©я─п╬п╦п╥п╡п╬п╢п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬я│я┌я▄ п╢п╬я│я┌п╦пЁп╟п╣я┌я│я▐ я│ п©п╬я─я┌п╟п╪п╦ п╡ я─п╣п╤п╦п╪п╣ EPP
1.9.

#device         puc

П═п╟я│п╨п╬п╪п╪п╣п╫я┌п╦я─я┐п╧я┌п╣ я█я┌п╬ я┐я│я┌я─п╬п╧я│я┌п╡п╬, п╣я│п╩п╦ я┐ п╡п╟я│ п╣я│я┌я▄ ''п©я─п╬я│я┌п╟я▐'' п©п╬я│п╩п╣п╢п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╟я▐ п╦п╩п╦
п©п╟я─п╟п╩п╩п╣п╩я▄п╫п╟я▐ PCI п╨п╟я─я┌п╟, п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╡п╟п╣п╪п╟я▐ п╢я─п╟п╧п╡п╣я─п╬п╪ puc(4).

# PCI Ethernet NICs.
device          de         # DEC/Intel DC21x4x (''Tulip'')
device          em         # Intel PRO/1000 adapter Gigabit Ethernet Card
device          ixgb       # Intel PRO/10GbE Ethernet Card
device          txp        # 3Com 3cR990 (''Typhoon'')
device          vx         # 3Com 3c590, 3c595 (''Vortex'')

П■я─п╟п╧п╡п╣я─п╟ я│п╣я┌п╣п╡я▀я┘ п╨п╟я─я┌ PCI. п≈п╟п╨п╬п╪п╪п╣п╫я┌п╦я─я┐п╧я┌п╣ п╦п╩п╦ я┐п╢п╟п╩п╦я┌п╣ п╢я─п╟п╧п╡п╣я─п╟ я┌п╣я┘ п╨п╟я─я┌, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣
п╬я┌я│я┐я┌я│я┌п╡я┐я▌я┌ п╡ п╡п╟я┬п╣п╧ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╣.

# PCI Ethernet NICs that use the common MII bus controller code.
# NOTE: Be sure to keep the 'device miibus' line in order to use these NICs!
device          miibus     # MII bus support

П÷п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╟ я┬п╦п╫я▀ MII я┌я─п╣п╠я┐п╣я┌я│я▐ п╢п╩я▐ п╫п╣п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀я┘ PCI 10/100 Ethernet п╨п╟я─я┌, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣
п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐я▌я┌ MII-я│п╬п╡п╪п╣я│я┌п╦п╪я▀п╣ п©п╣я─п╣п╢п╟я┌я┤п╦п╨п╦ п╦п╩п╦ я─п╣п╟п╩п╦п╥я┐я▌я┌ п╦п╫я┌п╣я─я└п╣п╧я│ я┐п©я─п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ п©п╣я─п╣п╢п╟я┌я┤п╦п╨п╬п╪,
п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╧ п╦п╪п╦я┌п╦я─я┐п╣я┌ MII. п■п╬п╠п╟п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦п╣ device miibus п╡
п╨п╬п╫я└п╦пЁя┐я─п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫я▀п╧ я└п╟п╧п╩ я▐п╢я─п╟ п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╟п╣я┌ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨я┐ я│я┌п╟п╫п╢п╟я─я┌п╫п╬пЁп╬ API miibus п╦ п╡я│п╣я┘ п╢я─п╟п╧п╡п╣я─п╬п╡
PHY, п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╟я▐ я│я┌п╟п╫п╢п╟я─я┌п╫я▀п╧ п╢п╩я▐ я┌п╣я┘ PHY, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п╫п╣ п╬п╠я─п╟п╠п╟я┌я▀п╡п╟я▌я┌я│я▐ я│п©п╣я├п╦я└п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╦п╪ п╬п╠я─п╟п╥п╬п╪
п╨п╬п╫п╨я─п╣я┌п╫я▀п╪ п╢я─п╟п╧п╡п╣я─п╬п╪.

device          bfe        # Broadcom BCM440x 10/100 Ethernet
device          bge        # Broadcom BCM570xx Gigabit Ethernet
device          dc         # DEC/Intel 21143 and various workalikes
device          fxp        # Intel EtherExpress PRO/100B (82557, 82558)
device      lge    # Level 1 LXT1001 gigabit ethernet
device      nge    # NatSemi DP83820 gigabit ethernet
device          pcn        # AMD Am79C97x PCI 10/100 (precedence over 'lnc')
device          re         # RealTek 8139C+/8169/8169S/8110S
device          rl         # RealTek 8129/8139
device          sf         # Adaptec AIC-6915 (''Starfire'')
device          sis        # Silicon Integrated Systems SiS 900/SiS 7016
device          sk         # SysKonnect SK-984x > SK-982x gigabit Ethernet
device          ste        # Sundance ST201 (D-Link DFE-550TX)
device          ti         # Alteon Networks Tigon I/II gigabit Ethernet
device          tl         # Texas Instruments ThunderLAN
device          tx         # SMC EtherPower II (83c170 ''EPIC'')
device      vge    # VIA VT612x gigabit ethernet
device          vr         # VIA Rhine, Rhine II
device          wb         # Winbond W89C840F
device          xl         # 3Com 3c90x (''Boomerang'', ''Cyclone'')

П■я─п╟п╧п╡п╣я─п╟, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐я▌я┌ п╨п╬п╫я┌я─п╬п╩п╩п╣я─ я┬п╦п╫я▀ MII.

# ISA Ethernet NICs.  pccard NICs included.
device          cs         # Crystal Semiconductor CS89x0 NIC
# 'device ed' requires 'device miibus'
device          ed         # NE[12]000, SMC Ultra, 3c503, DS8390 cards
device          ex         # Intel EtherExpress Pro/10 and Pro/10+
device          ep         # Etherlink III based cards
device          fe         # Fujitsu MB8696x based cards
device          ie         # EtherExpress 8/16, 3C507, StarLAN 10 etc.
device          lnc        # NE2100, NE32-VL Lance Ethernet cards
device          sn         # SMC's 9000 series of Ethernet chips
device          xe         # Xircom pccard Ethernet

# ISA devices that use the old ISA shims
#device         le

П■я─п╟п╧п╡п╣я─п╟ я│п╣я┌п╣п╡я▀я┘ п╨п╟я─я┌ ISA. п·п╥п╫п╟п╨п╬п╪я▄я┌п╣я│я▄ я│ я└п╟п╧п╩п╬п╪ /usr/src/sys/i386/conf/NOTES, я┤я┌п╬п╠я▀ я┐п╥п╫п╟я┌я▄, п╨п╟п╨п╦п╣ я│п╣я┌п╣п╡я▀п╣ п╨п╟я─я┌я▀
п╨п╟п╨п╦п╪ п╢я─п╟п╧п╡п╣я─п╬п╪ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╡п╟я▌я┌я│я▐.

# Wireless NIC cards
device          wlan       # 802.11 support
device          an         # Aironet 4500/4800 802.11 wireless NICs.
device          awi        # BayStack 660 and others
device          wi         # WaveLAN/Intersil/Symbol 802.11 wireless NICs.
#device         wl         # Older non 802.11 Wavelan wireless NIC.

П÷п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╟ я─п╟п╥п╩п╦я┤п╫я▀я┘ п╠п╣я│п©я─п╬п╡п╬п╢п╫я▀я┘ п╨п╟я─я┌.

# Pseudo devices
device   loop          # Network loopback

П║я┌п╟п╫п╢п╟я─я┌п╫п╬п╣ я┐я│я┌я─п╬п╧я│я┌п╡п╬ п╬п╠я─п╟я┌п╫п╬п╧ я│п╡я▐п╥п╦ п╢п╩я▐ TCP/IP. п∙я│п╩п╦ п╡я▀ п╥п╟п©я┐я│п╨п╟п╣я┌п╣ telnet п╦п╩п╦ FTP п©п╬
п╬я┌п╫п╬я┬п╣п╫п╦я▌ localhost (п╬п╫ п╤п╣ 127.0.0.1), я┌п╬
я│п╬п╣п╢п╦п╫п╣п╫п╦п╣ п©я─п╬п╧п╢я▒я┌ я┤п╣я─п╣п╥ я█я┌п╬ я┐я│я┌я─п╬п╧я│я┌п╡п╬. п╜я┌п╬я┌ п©п╟я─п╟п╪п╣я┌я─ п╬п╠я▐п╥п╟я┌п╣п╩п╣п╫.

device   random        # Entropy device

П⌠п╣п╫п╣я─п╟я┌п╬я─ я│п╩я┐я┤п╟п╧п╫я▀я┘ я┤п╦я│п╣п╩ п╢п╩я▐ п╨я─п╦п©я┌п╬пЁя─п╟я└п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╬п╧ п╥п╟я┴п╦я┌я▀.

device   ether         # Ethernet support

ether п╫п╣п╬п╠я┘п╬п╢п╦п╪ п╩п╦я┬я▄ п╡ я│п╩я┐я┤п╟п╣, п╣я│п╩п╦ я┐ п╡п╟я│ п╣я│я┌я▄ я│п╣я┌п╣п╡п╟я▐ п╨п╟я─я┌п╟.
п·п╫ п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╟п╣я┌ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨я┐ я│я┌п╟п╫п╢п╟я─я┌п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╨п╬п╢п╟ п©я─п╬я┌п╬п╨п╬п╩п╟ Ethernet.

device   sl            # Kernel SLIP

sl -- я█я┌п╬ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╟ SLIP. SLIP п╠я▀п╩ п©я─п╟п╨я┌п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╦ п╡я▀я┌п╣я│п╫п╣п╫ PPP,
п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╧ п╩п╣пЁя┤п╣ п╫п╟я│я┌я─п╟п╦п╡п╟п╣я┌я│я▐, п╩я┐я┤я┬п╣ п©п╬п╢я┘п╬п╢п╦я┌ п╢п╩я▐ я│п╬п╣п╢п╦п╫п╣п╫п╦п╧ п╪п╬п╢п╣п╪-п╪п╬п╢п╣п╪ п╦ п╦п╪п╣п╣я┌ п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╣
п╡п╬п╥п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬я│я┌п╣п╧.

device   ppp           # Kernel PPP

П÷п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╟ PPP п╡ я▐п╢я─п╣ п╢п╩я▐ я│п╬п╣п╢п╦п╫п╣п╫п╦п╧ dial-up. п╒п╟п╨п╤п╣ я│я┐я┴п╣я│я┌п╡я┐п╣я┌ п╡п╣я─я│п╦я▐ PPP,
я─п╣п╟п╩п╦п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╨п╟п╨ п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦п╣, п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐я▌я┴п╣п╣ tun, п╦ п©я─п╣п╢п╩п╟пЁп╟я▌я┴п╣п╣
п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬я┐я▌ пЁп╦п╠п╨п╬я│я┌я▄ п╦ п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╣п╣ п╨п╬п╩п╦я┤п╣я│я┌п╡п╬ п╡п╬п╥п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬я│я┌п╣п╧, п╨п╟п╨, п╫п╟п©я─п╦п╪п╣я─, я│п╬п╣п╢п╦п╫п╣п╫п╦п╣ п©я─п╦
п╫п╣п╬п╠я┘п╬п╢п╦п╪п╬я│я┌п╦ (п╫п╟п╩п╦я┤п╦п╦ п╬п╠я─п╟я┴п╣п╫п╦я▐ п╨ я│п╣я┌п╦).

device   tun           # Packet tunnel.

П≤я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐п╣я┌я│я▐ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄я│п╨п╦п╪ п©я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪п╫я▀п╪ п╬п╠п╣я│п©п╣я┤п╣п╫п╦п╣п╪ PPP. п·п╠я─п╟я┌п╦я┌п╣я│я▄ п╨ я─п╟п╥п╢п╣п╩я┐ PPP я█я┌п╬п╧ п╨п╫п╦пЁп╦ п╥п╟ п╢п╟п╩я▄п╫п╣п╧я┬п╣п╧ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╣п╧.

device   pty           # Pseudo-ttys (telnet etc)

''п©я│п╣п╡п╢п╬-я┌п╣я─п╪п╦п╫п╟п╩'' п╦п╩п╦ п╦п╪п╦я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╫я▀п╧ п©п╬я─я┌ п╢п╩я▐ п╡я┘п╬п╢п╟. п≤я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐п╣я┌я│я▐ п╡я┘п╬п╢я▐я┴п╦п╪п╦ telnet п╦ rlogin-я│п╣я│я│п╦я▐п╪п╦, п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦п╣п╪ xterm п╦ п╫п╣п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╪п╦ п╢я─я┐пЁп╦п╪п╦ п©я─п╦п╩п╬п╤п╣п╫п╦я▐п╪п╦, я┌п╟п╨п╦п╪п╦ п╨п╟п╨ Emacs.

device   md            # Memory ''disks''

П÷я│п╣п╡п╢п╬-я┐я│я┌я─п╬п╧я│я┌п╡п╟ п╢п╦я│п╨п╬п╡ п╡ п©п╟п╪я▐я┌п╦.

device   gif           # IPv6 and IPv4 tunneling

П÷п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╟ я┌я┐п╫п╫п╣п╩п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ IPv6 я┤п╣я─п╣п╥ IPv4, IPv4 я┤п╣я─п╣п╥ IPv6, IPv4 я┤п╣я─п╣п╥ IPv4 п╦ IPv6
я┤п╣я─п╣п╥ IPv6. пёя│я┌я─п╬п╧я│я┌п╡п╬ gif я▐п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ ''п╟п╡я┌п╬п╨п╩п╬п╫п╦я─я┐п╣п╪я▀п╪'', п╦ п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌
я│я─п╥п╢п╟п╡п╟я┌я▄ я└п╟п╧п╩я▀ я┐я│я┌я─п╬п╧я│я┌п╡ п©п╬ п╪п╣я─п╣ п╫п╣п╬п╠я┘п╬п╢п╦п╪п╬я│я┌п╦.

device   faith         # IPv6-to-IPv4 relaying (translation)

П╜я┌п╬ п©я│п╣п╡п╢п╬-я┐я│я┌я─п╬п╧я│я┌п╡п╬ п╥п╟я┘п╡п╟я┌я▀п╡п╟п╣я┌ п©п╟п╨п╣я┌я▀, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п╠я▀п╩п╦ п©п╬я│п╩п╟п╫я▀ п╣п╪я┐ п╦ п©п╣я─п╣п╫п╟п©я─п╟п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌ п╦я┘
п╢п╟п╣п╪п╬п╫я┐ я┌я─п╟п╫я│п╩я▐я├п╦п╦ IPv4/IPv6.

# The `bpf' device enables the Berkeley Packet Filter.
# Be aware of the administrative consequences of enabling this!
# Note that 'bpf' is required for DHCP.
device   bpf           # Berkeley packet filter

П╓п╦п╩я▄я┌я─ п©п╟п╨п╣я┌п╬п╡ Berkeley. п╜я┌п╬ п©я│п╣п╡п╢п╬-я┐я│я┌я─п╬п╧я│я┌п╡п╬ п©п╬п╥п╡п╬п╩я▐п╣я┌ п©п╣я─п╣п╡п╬п╢п╦я┌я▄ я│п╣я┌п╣п╡я▀п╣ п╦п╫я┌п╣я─я└п╣п╧я│я▀
п╡ ''п╫п╣я─п╟п╥п╠п╬я─я┤п╦п╡я▀п╧'' (promiscuous) я─п╣п╤п╦п╪, п╡ п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╬п╪ п©п╣я─п╣я┘п╡п╟я┌я▀п╡п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ п╩я▌п╠п╬п╧ п©п╟п╨п╣я┌ п╡
я┬п╦я─п╬п╨п╬п╡п╣я┴п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬п╧ я│п╣я┌п╦ (п╫п╟п©я─п╦п╪п╣я─ ethernet). п╜я┌п╦ п©п╟п╨п╣я┌я▀ п╪п╬пЁя┐я┌ п╠я▀я┌я▄ я│п╬я┘я─п╟п╫п╣п╫я▀ п╫п╟ п╢п╦я│п╨ п╦/п╦п╩п╦
п╦я│я│п╩п╣п╢п╬п╡п╟п╫я▀ п©я─п╦ п©п╬п╪п╬я┴п╦ tcpdump(1).

П≈п╟п╪п╣я┤п╟п╫п╦п╣: пёя│я┌я─п╬п╧я│я┌п╡п╬ bpf(4) я┌п╟п╨п╤п╣
п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐п╣я┌я│я▐ п©я─п╬пЁя─п╟п╪п╪п╬п╧ dhclient(8) п╢п╩я▐ я┌п╬пЁп╬,
я┤я┌п╬п╠я▀ п©п╬п╩я┐я┤п╦я┌я▄ п╟п╢я─п╣я│ я┬п╩я▌п╥п╟ п©п╬ я┐п╪п╬п╩я┤п╟п╫п╦я▌ п╦ я┌.п©. п∙я│п╩п╦ п╡я▀ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐п╣я┌п╣ DCHP, п╫п╣ я┐п╢п╟п╩я▐п╧я┌п╣ я█я┌я┐
п╬п©я├п╦я▌.

# USB support
device          uhci          # UHCI PCI->USB interface
device          ohci          # OHCI PCI->USB interface
#device     ehci          # EHCI PCI->USB interface (USB 2.0)
device          usb           # USB Bus (required)
#device         udbp          # USB Double Bulk Pipe devices
device          ugen          # Generic
device          uhid          # ''Human Interface Devices''
device          ukbd          # Keyboard
device          ulpt          # Printer
device          umass         # Disks/Mass storage - Requires scbus and da
device          ums           # Mouse
device          urio          # Diamond Rio 500 MP3 player
device          uscanner      # Scanners
# USB Ethernet, requires mii
device          aue           # ADMtek USB Ethernet
device          axe           # ASIX Electronics USB Ethernet
device      cdce          # Generic USB over Ethernet
device          cue           # CATC USB Ethernet
device          kue           # Kawasaki LSI USB Ethernet
device          rue           # RealTek RTL8150 USB Ethernet

П÷п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╟ я─п╟п╥п╩п╦я┤п╫я▀я┘ USB я┐я│я┌я─п╬п╧я│я┌п╡.

# FireWire support
device          firewire      # FireWire bus code
device          sbp           # SCSI over FireWire (Requires scbus and da)
device          fwe           # Ethernet over FireWire (non-standard!)

П÷п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╟ я─п╟п╥п╩п╦я┤п╫я▀я┘ я┐я│я┌я─п╬п╧я│я┌п╡ Firewire.

П≈п╟ п╢п╟п╩я▄п╫п╣п╧я┬п╣п╧ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╣п╧ п╬ п╢п╬п©п╬п╩п╫п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫я▀я┘ я┐я│я┌я─п╬п╧я│я┌п╡п╟я┘, п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╦п╡п╟п╣п╪я▀я┘ FreeBSD,
п╬п╠я─п╟я┌п╦я┌п╣я│я▄ п╨ я└п╟п╧п╩я┐ /usr/src/sys/i386/conf/NOTES.

8.4.1. п п╬п╫я└п╦пЁя┐я─п╟я├п╦п╦ я│ п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╦п╪
п╨п╬п╩п╦я┤п╣я│я┌п╡п╬п╪ п╬п©п╣я─п╟я┌п╦п╡п╫п╬п╧ п©п╟п╪я▐я┌п╦ (PAE)

П°п╟я┬п╦п╫я▀ я│ п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╦п╪ п╨п╬п╩п╦я┤п╣я│я┌п╡п╬п╪ п╬п©п╣я─п╟я┌п╦п╡п╫п╬п╧ п©п╟п╪я▐я┌п╦, п╡ п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀я┘ я┌я─п╣п╠я┐п╣я┌я│я▐ п╠п╬п╩п╣п╣ 4 пЁп╦пЁп╟п╠п╟п╧я┌
п╡ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩я▄я│п╨п╬п╪ п╟п╢я─п╣я│п╫п╬п╪ п©я─п╬я│я┌я─п╟п╫я│я┌п╡п╣ п╦ п╟п╢я─п╣я│п╫п╬п╪ п©я─п╬я│я┌я─п╟п╫я│я┌п╡п╣ я▐п╢я─п╟ (User+Kernel
Virtual Address, KVA) п╡ п╬п╠я▀я┤п╫п╬п╪ я│п╩я┐я┤п╟п╣ п╫п╣
я│п╪п╬пЁя┐я┌ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ п╠п╬п╩п╣п╣ 4 пЁп╦пЁп╟п╠п╟п╧я┌. п■п╩я▐ я─п╣я┬п╣п╫п╦я▐ я█я┌п╬п╧ п©я─п╬п╠п╩п╣п╪я▀ Intel п╢п╬п╠п╟п╡п╦п╩п╦ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨я┐
36-п╠п╦я┌п╫п╬п╧ п╟п╢я─п╣я│п╟я├п╦п╦ п╡ Pentium Pro п╦ п╠п╬п╩п╣п╣ п©п╬п╥п╢п╫п╦я┘ п╪п╬п╢п╣п╩я▐я┘
п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│п╬я─п╬п╡.

П═п╟я│я┬п╦я─п╣п╫п╦п╣ я└п╦п╥п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╬пЁп╬ п╟п╢я─п╣я│п╫п╬пЁп╬ п©я─п╬я│я┌я─п╟п╫я│я┌п╡п╟ (PAE) п╡ п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│п╬я─п╟я┘ Intel Pentium Pro п╦ п╠п╬п╩п╣п╣ п©п╬п╥п╢п╫п╦я┘ п©п╬п╥п╡п╬п╩я▐п╣я┌ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ п╢п╬ 64
пЁп╦пЁп╟п╠п╟п╧я┌ п╬п©п╣я─п╟я┌п╦п╡п╫п╬п╧ п©п╟п╪я▐я┌п╦. FreeBSD п╦п╪п╣п╣я┌ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨я┐ я█я┌п╬п╧ п╡п╬п╥п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ п©п╬я│я─п╣п╢я│я┌п╡п╬п╪ п╬п©я├п╦п╦
я▐п╢я─п╟ PAE, п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п©п╫п╬п╧ п╡п╬ п╡я│п╣я┘ я┌п╣п╨я┐я┴п╦я┘ п╡п╣я─я│п╦я▐я┘ FreeBSD. п▓ я│п╡я▐п╥п╦
я│ п╬пЁя─п╟п╫п╦я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐п╪п╦ п╟я─я┘п╦я┌п╣п╨я┌я┐я─я▀ Intel, п╫п╣ п╢п╣п╩п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ п╫п╦п╨п╟п╨п╬пЁп╬ я─п╟п╥п╩п╦я┤п╦я▐ п╪п╣п╤п╢я┐ п©п╟п╪я▐я┌я▄я▌ п╫п╦п╤п╣ п╦п╩п╦
п╡я▀я┬п╣ 4 пЁп╦пЁп╟п╠п╟п╧я┌. п÷п╟п╪я▐я┌я▄, я─п╟п╥п╪п╣я┴п╣п╫п╫п╟я▐ п╡я▀я┬п╣ 4 пЁп╦пЁп╟п╠п╟п╧я┌, п©я─п╬я│я┌п╬ п╢п╬п╠п╟п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌я│я▐ п╨ п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п©п╫п╬п╧
п©п╟п╪я▐я┌п╦.

П■п╩я▐ я┌п╬пЁп╬, я┤я┌п╬п╠я▀ п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╦я┌я▄ PAE п╡ я▐п╢я─п╣,
п©я─п╬я│я┌п╬ п╢п╬п╠п╟п╡я▄я┌п╣ п©я─п╦п╡п╣п╢п╣п╫п╫я┐я▌ я│я┌я─п╬п╨я┐ п╡ п╨п╬п╫я└п╦пЁя┐я─п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫я▀п╧ я└п╟п╧п╩ я▐п╢я─п╟:

options            PAE

П≈п╟п╪п╣я┤п╟п╫п╦п╣: п÷п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╟ PAE п╡ FreeBSD
я│я┐я┴п╣я│я┌п╡я┐п╣я┌ я┌п╬п╩я▄п╨п╬ п╢п╩я▐ п©я─п╬я├п╣я│я│п╬я─п╬п╡ Intel IA-32. п╒п╟п╨п╤п╣
я│п╩п╣п╢я┐п╣я┌ п╥п╟п╪п╣я┌п╦я┌я▄, я┤я┌п╬ PAE п╡ FreeBSD п╫п╣ п╠я▀п╩п╬
п©п╬п╩п╫п╬я│я┌я▄я▌ п©я─п╬я┌п╣я│я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╬ п╦ п╢п╬п╩п╤п╫п╬ я│я┤п╦я┌п╟я┌я▄я│я▐ п╫п╟я┘п╬п╢я▐я┴п╦п╪я│я▐ п╡ я│п╬я│я┌п╬я▐п╫п╦п╦ п╠п╣я┌п╟-я┌п╣я│я┌п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ п©п╬
я│я─п╟п╡п╫п╣п╫п╦я▌ я│ п╢я─я┐пЁп╦п╪п╦, я│я┌п╟п╠п╦п╩я▄п╫я▀п╪п╦ п╡п╬п╥п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬я│я┌я▐п╪п╦ FreeBSD.

П÷п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╟ PAE п╡ FreeBSD п╦п╪п╣п╣я┌ я│п╩п╣п╢я┐я▌я┴п╦п╣
п╬пЁя─п╟п╫п╦я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐:

П÷я─п╬я├п╣я│я│ п╫п╣ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ п©п╬п╩я┐я┤п╦я┌я▄ п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п© п╨ п╠п╬п╩п╣п╣, я┤п╣п╪ 4 пЁп╦пЁп╟п╠п╟п╧я┌п╟п╪ п©я─п╬я│я┌я─п╟п╫я│я┌п╡п╟ VM.

KLD п╪п╬п╢я┐п╩п╦ п╫п╣ п╪п╬пЁя┐я┌ п╠я▀я┌я▄ п╥п╟пЁя─я┐п╤п╣п╫я▀ п╡ я▐п╢я─п╬
я│ п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╣п╫п╫п╬п╧ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╬п╧ PAE п╦п╥-п╥п╟ я─п╟п╥п╫п╦я├я▀ п╡
п╬п╨я─я┐п╤п╣п╫п╦п╦ п╢п╩я▐ я│п╠п╬я─п╨п╦ п╪п╬п╢я┐п╩п╣п╧ п╦ я│п╟п╪п╬пЁп╬ я▐п╢я─п╟.

П■я─п╟п╧п╡п╣я─я▀ я┐я│я┌я─п╬п╧я│я┌п╡, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п╫п╣ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐я▌я┌ п╦п╫я┌п╣я─я└п╣п╧я│ bus_dma(9), п©я─п╦п╡п╣п╢я┐я┌ п╨
п©п╬п╡я─п╣п╤п╢п╣п╫п╦я▌ п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦п╦ п╡ я▐п╢я─п╣ я│ п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╣п╫п╫я▀п╪ PAE. п²п╣ я─п╣п╨п╬п╪п╣п╫п╢я┐п╣я┌я│я▐ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ я┌п╟п╨п╦п╣ п╢я─п╟п╧п╡п╣я─я▀. п÷п╬ я█я┌п╬п╧ п©я─п╦я┤п╦п╫п╣ п╡
FreeBSD п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╣п╫ п╨п╬п╫я└п╦пЁя┐я─п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫я▀п╧ я└п╟п╧п╩ я▐п╢я─п╟ PAE, п╦п╥ п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╬пЁп╬
я┐п╢п╟п╩п╣п╫я▀ п╡я│п╣ п╢я─п╟п╧п╡п╣я─я▀, п╬ п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀я┘ п╦п╥п╡п╣я│я┌п╫п╬, я┤я┌п╬ п╬п╫п╦ п╫п╣ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟я▌я┌ п©я─п╦ п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╣п╫п╫п╬п╧ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╣
PAE.

П²п╣п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╫я▀п╣ п©п╣я─п╣п╪п╣п╫п╫я▀п╣ п╬п©я─п╣п╢п╣п╩я▐я▌я┌ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦п╣ я─п╣я│я┐я─я│п╬п╡ п©п╟п╪я▐я┌п╦ п©п╬ п╨п╬п╩п╦я┤п╣я│я┌п╡я┐
п╢п╬я│я┌я┐п©п╫п╬п╧ я└п╦п╥п╦я┤п╣я│п╨п╬п╧ п©п╟п╪я▐я┌п╦. п╒п╟п╨п╦п╣ п©п╣я─п╣п╪п╣п╫п╫я▀п╣ п╪п╬пЁя┐я┌ п©я─п╦п╡п╣я│я┌п╦ п╨ п╫п╣п╫я┐п╤п╫п╬п╪я┐ я┤я─п╣п╥п╪п╣я─п╫п╬п╪я┐
п╡я▀п╢п╣п╩п╣п╫п╦я▌ п©п╟п╪я▐я┌п╦ п╦п╥-п╥п╟ п╬я│п╬п╠п╣п╫п╫п╬я│я┌п╣п╧ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌я▀ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀ PAE. п·п╢п╦п╫ п╦п╥ я┌п╟п╨п╦я┘ п©я─п╦п╪п╣я─п╬п╡ -- п©п╣я─п╣п╪п╣п╫п╫п╟я▐ kern.maxvnodes, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╟я▐ я┐п©я─п╟п╡п╩я▐п╣я┌ п╪п╟п╨я│п╦п╪п╟п╩я▄п╫я▀п╪ п╨п╬п╩п╦я┤п╣я│я┌п╡п╬п╪ vnode,
я─п╟п╥я─п╣я┬п╣п╫п╫я▀я┘ п╡ я▐п╢я─п╣. п═п╣п╨п╬п╪п╣п╫п╢я┐п╣я┌я│я▐ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╦я┌я▄ я█я┌я┐ п╦ п©п╬п╢п╬п╠п╫я▀п╣ п╣п╧ п©п╣я─п╣п╪п╣п╫п╫я▀п╣ п╡я─я┐я┤п╫я┐я▌ п╡
п╟п╢п╣п╨п╡п╟я┌п╫я▀п╣ п╥п╫п╟я┤п╣п╫п╦я▐.

П▓п╬п╥п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬, п©п╬п╫п╟п╢п╬п╠п╦я┌я│я▐ я┐п╡п╣п╩п╦я┤п╦я┌я▄ п©я─п╬я│я┌я─п╟п╫я│я┌п╡п╬ п╡п╦я─я┌я┐п╟п╩я▄п╫я▀я┘ п╟п╢я─п╣я│п╬п╡ я▐п╢я─п╟ (KVA) п╦п╩п╦ я┐п╪п╣п╫я▄я┬п╦я┌я▄ п╨п╟п╨я┐я▌-п╩п╦п╠п╬ п©п╣я─п╣п╪п╣п╫п╫я┐я▌ (я│п╪. п╡я▀я┬п╣),
п╥п╫п╟я┤п╣п╫п╦п╣ п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╬п╧ п╠я▀п╩п╬ п╫п╣п╬п©я─п╟п╡п╢п╟п╫п╫п╬ п╡п╣п╩п╦п╨п╬ п╦ п╪п╬пЁп╩п╬ п©я─п╦п╡п╣я│я┌п╦ п╨ п╦я│я┤п╣я─п©п╟п╫п╦я▌ KVA. п■п╩я▐ я█я┌п╬пЁп╬ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ п╠я▀я┌я▄ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟п╫п╟ п╬п©я├п╦я▐ я▐п╢я─п╟
KVA_PAGES.

П▓ я│п╩я┐я┤п╟п╣ я│п╬п╪п╫п╣п╫п╦п╧ п╬я┌п╫п╬я│п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬ п©я─п╬п╦п╥п╡п╬п╢п╦я┌п╣п╩я▄п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ п╦ я│я┌п╟п╠п╦п╩я▄п╫п╬я│я┌п╦ я─п╣п╨п╬п╪п╣п╫п╢я┐п╣я┌я│я▐
п╬п╠я─п╟я┌п╦я┌я▄я│я▐ п╨ я│я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├п╣ я─я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡п╟ tuning(7). п║я┌я─п╟п╫п╦я├п╟
я─я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡п╟ pae(4) я│п╬п╢п╣я─п╤п╦я┌ я│п╡п╣п╤я┐я▌
п╦п╫я└п╬я─п╪п╟я├п╦я▌ п╬ п©п╬п╢п╢п╣я─п╤п╨п╣ PAE п╡ FreeBSD.

8.5. п═п╣я┬п╣п╫п╦п╣
п©я─п╬п╠п╩п╣п╪

П║я┐я┴п╣я│я┌п╡я┐п╣я┌ п©я▐я┌я▄ п╨п╟я┌п╣пЁп╬я─п╦п╧ п©я─п╬п╠п╩п╣п╪, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п╪п╬пЁя┐я┌ п╡п╬п╥п╫п╦п╨п╫я┐я┌я▄ п©я─п╦ я│п╠п╬я─п╨п╣ я│п╬п╠я│я┌п╡п╣п╫п╫п╬пЁп╬
я▐п╢я─п╟. п▓п╬я┌ п╬п╫п╦:

п²п╣ я┐п╢п╟я▒я┌я│я▐ п╬я┌я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟я┌я▄ п╨п╬п╪п╟п╫п╢п╣ config:

П∙я│п╩п╦ п╨п╬п╪п╟п╫п╢п╟ config(8) п╫п╣ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌
п╬я┌я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟я┌я▄, я┌п╬, я│п╨п╬я─п╣п╣ п╡я│п╣пЁп╬, п╡я▀ п╢п╬п©я┐я│я┌п╦п╩п╦ пЁп╢п╣-п╫п╦п╠я┐п╢я▄ п╪п╟п╩п╣п╫я▄п╨я┐я▌ п╬я┬п╦п╠п╨я┐. п  я│я┤п╟я│я┌я▄я▌, config(8) п╡я▀п╡п╣п╢п╣я┌
п╫п╬п╪п╣я─ п©я─п╬п╠п╩п╣п╪п╫п╬п╧ я│я┌я─п╬п╨п╦, п©п╬я█я┌п╬п╪я┐ п╡я▀ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌п╣ п╠я▀я│я┌я─п╬ п╫п╟п╧я┌п╦ я│я┌я─п╬п╨я┐, я│п╬п╢п╣я─п╤п╟я┴я┐я▌ п╬я┬п╦п╠п╨я┐.
п²п╟п©я─п╦п╪п╣я─, п╣я│п╩п╦ п╡я▀ п╡п╦п╢п╦я┌п╣:

config: line 17: syntax error

Пёп╠п╣п╢п╦я┌п╣я│я▄, я┤я┌п╬ п╬п©я├п╦я▐ п╡п╡п╣п╢п╣п╫п╟ п╡п╣я─п╫п╬ п©я┐я┌я▒п╪ я│я─п╟п╡п╫п╣п╫п╦я▐ я│ я└п╟п╧п╩п╬п╪ GENERIC п╦п╩п╦ п╢я─я┐пЁп╦п╪ п╦я│я┌п╬я┤п╫п╦п╨п╬п╪.

п²п╣ я┐п╢п╟я▒я┌я│я▐ п╬я┌я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟я┌я▄ п╨п╬п╪п╟п╫п╢п╣ make:

П∙я│п╩п╦ п╫п╣ я┐п╢п╟я▒я┌я│я▐ п╬я┌я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟я┌я▄ п╨п╬п╪п╟п╫п╢п╣ make, п╬п╠я▀я┤п╫п╬ я█я┌п╬ п╬п╥п╫п╟я┤п╟п╣я┌
п╬я┬п╦п╠п╨я┐ п╡ п╬п©п╦я│п╟п╫п╦п╦ п╨п╬п╫я└п╦пЁя┐я─п╟я├п╦п╦ я▐п╢я─п╟, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╟я▐ п╫п╣ п╢п╬я│я┌п╟я┌п╬я┤п╫п╬ я┌я─п╦п╡п╦п╟п╩я▄п╫п╟ п╢п╩я▐ я┌п╬пЁп╬, я┤я┌п╬п╠я▀ config(8) п╪п╬пЁ
п╬п╠п╫п╟я─я┐п╤п╦я┌я▄ п╣я▒. п·п©я▐я┌я▄-я┌п╟п╨п╦, п©я─п╬я│п╪п╬я┌я─п╦я┌п╣ я└п╟п╧п╩ п╨п╬п╫я└п╦пЁя┐я─п╟я├п╦п╦, п╦, п╣я│п╩п╦ п╡я▀ п╡я│п╣ п╣я┴п╣ п╫п╣ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌п╣
я─п╣я┬п╦я┌я▄ п©я─п╬п╠п╩п╣п╪я┐, п╫п╟п©п╦я┬п╦я┌п╣ п©п╦я│я▄п╪п╬ п╡ п║п©п╦я│п╬п╨
я─п╟я│я│я▀п╩п╨п╦, п©п╬я│п╡я▐я┴я▒п╫п╫я▀п╧ п╡п╬п©я─п╬я│п╟п╪ п╦ п╬я┌п╡п╣я┌п╟п╪ п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌п╣п╩п╣п╧ FreeBSD, п╡п╨п╩я▌я┤п╦п╡ п╡ п©п╦я│я▄п╪п╬ я└п╟п╧п╩
п╨п╬п╫я└п╦пЁя┐я─п╟я├п╦п╦ я▐п╢я─п╟. п║п╨п╬я─п╣п╣ п╡я│п╣пЁп╬ п©я─п╬п╠п╩п╣п╪п╟ п╠я┐п╢п╣я┌ я─п╣я┬п╣п╫п╟ п╠я▀я│я┌я─п╬.

п╞п╢я─п╬ п╫п╣ п╥п╟пЁя─я┐п╤п╟п╣я┌я│я▐:

П∙я│п╩п╦ п╡п╟я┬п╣ п╫п╬п╡п╬п╣ я▐п╢я─п╬ п╫п╣ п╥п╟пЁя─я┐п╤п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ п╦п╩п╦ п╣п╪я┐ п╫п╣ я┐п╢п╟я▒я┌я│я▐ п╬п╠п╫п╟я─я┐п╤п╦я┌я▄ п╡п╟я┬п╦ я┐я│я┌я─п╬п╧я│я┌п╡п╟ --
п╫п╣ п©п╟п╫п╦п╨я┐п╧я┌п╣! п  я│я┤п╟я│я┌я▄я▌, п╡ FreeBSD я│я┐я┴п╣я│я┌п╡я┐п╣я┌ п╬я┌п╩п╦я┤п╫я▀п╧ п╪п╣я┘п╟п╫п╦п╥п╪ п╢п╩я▐ п╡п╬я│я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╩п╣п╫п╦я▐ п©п╬я│п╩п╣
я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╨п╦ п╫п╣я│п╬п╡п╪п╣я│я┌п╦п╪п╬пЁп╬ я▐п╢я─п╟. п÷я─п╬я│я┌п╬ п╡я▀п╠п╣я─п╦я┌п╣ я▐п╢я─п╬, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╬п╣ я┘п╬я┌п╦я┌п╣ п╥п╟пЁя─я┐п╥п╦я┌я▄, п╡
п╥п╟пЁя─я┐п╥я┤п╦п╨п╣ FreeBSD. п■п╬я│я┌я┐п© п╨ п╫п╣п╪я┐ п╡я▀ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌п╣ п©п╬п╩я┐я┤п╦я┌я▄, п╨п╬пЁп╢п╟ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╟ п╫п╟я┘п╬п╢п╦я┌я│я▐ п╡ я│я┌п╟я─я┌п╬п╡п╬п╪
п╪п╣п╫я▌. п▓я▀п╠п╣я─п╦я┌п╣ я┬п╣я│я┌п╬п╧ п©я┐п╫п╨я┌ (''Escape to a loader prompt''), п╡п╡п╣п╢п╦я┌п╣ п╨п╬п╪п╟п╫п╢я┐ unload kernel п╦ п╫п╟п╠п╣я─п╦я┌п╣ boot /boot/kernel.old/kernel, п╦п╩п╦ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥я┐п╧я┌п╣ п╩я▌п╠п╬п╣ п╢я─я┐пЁп╬п╣
я▐п╢я─п╬, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╬п╣ п╥п╟пЁя─я┐п╥п╦я┌я│я▐ п╠п╣п╥ п©я─п╬п╠п╩п╣п╪. п▓п╬ п╡я─п╣п╪я▐ п©п╣я─п╣п╨п╬п╫я└п╦пЁя┐я─п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ я▐п╢я─п╟ п╡я│п╣пЁп╢п╟ п©п╬п╩п╣п╥п╫п╬
п╬я│я┌п╟п╡п╩я▐я┌я▄ п╨п╬п©п╦я▌ я▐п╢я─п╟, п╬ п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╬п╪ п╦п╥п╡п╣я│я┌п╫п╬, я┤я┌п╬ п╬п╫п╬ я─п╟п╠п╬я┤п╣п╣.

П÷п╬я│п╩п╣ п╥п╟пЁя─я┐п╥п╨п╦ я│ я─п╟п╠п╬я┤п╦п╪ я▐п╢я─п╬п╪ п╡я▀ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌п╣ п©я─п╬п╡п╣я─п╦я┌я▄ п╡п╟я┬ я└п╟п╧п╩ п╨п╬п╫я└п╦пЁя┐я─п╟я├п╦п╦ п╦ п©п╬п©я─п╬п╠п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄
я│п╬п╠я─п╟я┌я▄ я▐п╢я─п╬ п╬п©я▐я┌я▄. п·я┤п╣п╫я▄ п©п╬п╩п╣п╥п╫я▀п╪ п╡ п╢п╟п╫п╫п╬п╪ я│п╩я┐я┤п╟п╣ п╬п╨п╟п╤п╣я┌я│я▐ я└п╟п╧п╩ /var/log/messages, п╡ п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╬п╪, я│я─п╣п╢п╦ п╢я─я┐пЁп╦я┘ п╥п╟п©п╦я│п╣п╧, п╦п╪п╣я▌я┌я│я▐
я│п╬п╬п╠я┴п╣п╫п╦я▐ я▐п╢я─п╟ п╬я┌ п╨п╟п╤п╢п╬п╧ я┐я│п©п╣я┬п╫п╬п╧ п╥п╟пЁя─я┐п╥п╨п╦. п╒п╟п╨п╤п╣, п╨п╬п╪п╟п╫п╢п╟ dmesg(8) п╡я▀п╡п╣п╢п╣я┌
я│п╬п╬п╠я┴п╣п╫п╦я▐ я▐п╢я─п╟ п╬я┌ я┌п╣п╨я┐я┴п╣п╧ п╥п╟пЁя─я┐п╥п╨п╦.

П≈п╟п╪п╣я┤п╟п╫п╦п╣: п∙я│п╩п╦ я┐ п╡п╟я│ п╡п╬п╥п╫п╦п╨п╩п╦ п©я─п╬п╠п╩п╣п╪я▀ я│п╬ я│п╠п╬я─п╨п╬п╧ я▐п╢я─п╟, я┐п╠п╣п╢п╦я┌п╣я│я▄, я┤я┌п╬ п╡я▀
я│п╬я┘я─п╟п╫п╦п╩п╦ я▐п╢я─п╬ GENERIC п╦п╩п╦ п╢я─я┐пЁп╬п╣ я─п╟п╠п╬я┤п╣п╣ я▐п╢я─п╬ п©п╬п╢ п╢я─я┐пЁп╦п╪
п╦п╪п╣п╫п╣п╪, я┤я┌п╬п╠я▀ п╬п╫п╬ п╫п╣ п╠я▀п╩п╬ я┐п╢п╟п╩п╣п╫п╬ п©я─п╦ я│п╩п╣п╢я┐я▌я┴п╣п╧ я│п╠п╬я─п╨п╣. п▓я▀ п╫п╣ п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌п╣ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ kernel.old, п©п╬я┌п╬п╪я┐ я┤я┌п╬ п©я─п╦ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╨п╣ п╫п╬п╡п╬пЁп╬ я▐п╢я─п╟ kernel.old п©п╣я─п╣п╥п╟п©п╦я│я▀п╡п╟п╣я┌я│я▐ п©п╬я│п╩п╣п╢п╫п╦п╪ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╩п╣п╫п╫я▀п╪ я▐п╢я─п╬п╪, п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╬п╣
п╪п╬п╤п╣я┌ п╬п╨п╟п╥п╟я┌я▄я│я▐ п╫п╣я─п╟п╠п╬я┤п╦п╪. п╒п╟п╨п╤п╣, п╨п╟п╨ п╪п╬п╤п╫п╬ я│п╨п╬я─п╣п╣ п©п╣я─п╣п╪п╣я│я┌п╦я┌п╣ я─п╟п╠п╬я┤п╣п╣ я▐п╢я─п╬ п╡ /boot/kernel, я┌п╟п╨ п╨п╟п╨ п╫п╣п╨п╬я┌п╬я─я▀п╣ п╨п╬п╪п╟п╫п╢я▀, я┌п╟п╨п╦п╣ п╨п╟п╨ ps(1) п╠я┐п╢я┐я┌ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟я┌я▄
п╫п╣п╨п╬я─я─п╣п╨я┌п╫п╬. п■п╩я▐ я█я┌п╬пЁп╬ п©я─п╬я│я┌п╬ п©п╣я─п╣п╪п╣я│я┌п╦я┌п╣ п╨п╟я┌п╟п╩п╬пЁ, я│п╬п╢п╣я─п╤п╟я┴п╦п╧ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╬я│п©п╬я│п╬п╠п╫п╬п╣ я▐п╢я─п╬:

# mv /boot/kernel /boot/kernel.bad
# mv /boot/kernel.good /boot/kernel

п╞п╢я─п╬ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟п╣я┌, п╫п╬ ps(1) п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╣ п╫п╣
я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟п╣я┌:

П∙я│п╩п╦ п╡я▀ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╦п╩п╦ п╡п╣я─я│п╦я▌ я▐п╢я─п╟ п╬я┌п╩п╦я┤п╫я┐я▌ п╬я┌ я┌п╬п╧, я│ п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╬п╧ п╠я▀п╩п╦ я│п╬п╠я─п╟п╫я▀ п╡п╟я┬п╦ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╫я▀п╣
я┐я┌п╦п╩п╦я┌я▀, п╫п╟п©я─п╦п╪п╣я─, я▐п╢я─п╬ п╬я┌ -CURRENT п╫п╟ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╣ -RELEASE, п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╟я▐ я┤п╟я│я┌я▄ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪п╫я▀я┘ п╨п╬п╪п╟п╫п╢,
я┌п╟п╨п╦я┘ п╨п╟п╨ ps(1) п╦ vmstat(8) п╫п╣ п╠я┐п╢я┐я┌
п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╣ я─п╟п╠п╬я┌п╟я┌я▄. п▓п╟п╪ п©п╬я┌я─п╣п╠я┐п╣я┌я│я▐ п©п╣я─п╣п╨п╬п╪п©п╦п╩п╦я─п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ п╦ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╦я┌я▄
я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я┐ я┌п╬п╧ п╤п╣ п╡п╣я─я│п╦п╦ п╦я│я┘п╬п╢п╫я▀я┘ я┌п╣п╨я│я┌п╬п╡, я┤я┌п╬ п╦ я▐п╢я─п╬. п╜я┌п╬ п╬п╢п╫п╟ п╦п╥ п©я─п╦я┤п╦п╫, п©п╬ п╨п╬я┌п╬я─п╬п╧ п╫п╣
я│п╩п╣п╢я┐п╣я┌ п╦я│п©п╬п╩я▄п╥п╬п╡п╟я┌я▄ п╡п╣я─я│п╦я▌ я▐п╢я─п╟, п╬я┌п╩п╦я┤п╫я┐я▌ п╬я┌ п╡п╣я─я│п╦п╦ п╡я│п╣п╧ п╬я│я┌п╟п╩я▄п╫п╬п╧ я│п╦я│я┌п╣п╪я▀.

п═я┐п╨п╬п╡п╬п╢я│я┌п╡п╬ FreeBSD

п⌠п╩п╟п╡п╟ 8. п²п╟я│я┌я─п╬п╧п╨п╟ я▐п╢я─п╟ FreeBSD

8.1. п я─п╟я┌п╨п╦п╧ п╬п╠п╥п╬я─

8.2. п≈п╟я┤п╣п╪ я│п╬п╠п╦я─п╟я┌я▄ я│п╬п╠я│я┌п╡п╣п╫п╫п╬п╣ я▐п╢я─п╬?

8.3. п║п╠п╬я─п╨п╟ п╦ я┐я│я┌п╟п╫п╬п╡п╨п╟ я│п╬п╠я│я┌п╡п╣п╫п╫п╬пЁп╬ я▐п╢я─п╟

8.4. п п╬п╫я└п╦пЁя┐я─п╟я├п╦п╬п╫п╫я▀п╧ я└п╟п╧п╩

8.4.1. п п╬п╫я└п╦пЁя┐я─п╟я├п╦п╦ я│ п╠п╬п╩я▄я┬п╦п╪ п╨п╬п╩п╦я┤п╣я│я┌п╡п╬п╪ п╬п©п╣я─п╟я┌п╦п╡п╫п╬п╧ п©п╟п╪я▐я┌п╦ (PAE)

8.5. п═п╣я┬п╣п╫п╦п╣ п©я─п╬п╠п╩п╣п╪

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